Dodecane Property

Melting point:

-9.6 °C (lit.)

Boiling point:

215-217 °C (lit.)

Density 

0.75 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

vapor density 

5.96 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

1 mm Hg ( 47.8 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.421(lit.)

Flash point:

181.4 °F

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

solubility 

Soluble in acetone, alcohol, chloroform, ether (Weast, 1986), and many hydrocarbons

form 

Liquid

pka

>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)

Specific Gravity

0.749 (20/4℃)

color 

Colorless

Odor

alkane

Odor Threshold

0.11ppm

explosive limit

0.6%(V)

Water Solubility 

<0.1 g/100 mL at 25 ºC

BRN 

1697175

Henry's Law Constant

29.7(atm?m³/mol) at 25 °C (calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure, Tolls et al., 2002) Interfacial tension

Dielectric constant

2.0（20℃）

InChIKey

SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP

6.100

CAS DataBase Reference

112-40-3(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

n-Dodecane(112-40-3)

EPA Substance Registry System

Dodecane (112-40-3)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

65-66

Safety Statements 

62-60-36

RIDADR 

NA 1993 / PGIII

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

JR2125000

Autoignition Temperature

401 °F

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

29011090

Hazardous Substances Data

112-40-3(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

mouse,LDLo,intravenous,2672mg/kg (2672mg/kg),BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX),Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 37, Pg. 56, 1975.

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H304May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways

Precautionary statements

P301+P310IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P331Do NOT induce vomiting.

P405Store locked up.

P501Dispose of contents/container to..…

Dodecane Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Dodecane is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon that is found in black walnut that has 355 isomers. It is an oily liquid of the paraffin series. Dodecane is a colorless liquid that has a boiling point of 421.3° F at 760 mm Hg and a melting point of 14.7° F. It is very soluble in ethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform. Dodecane is stable under recommended storage conditions. However, under elevated temperatures, it decomposes to emit irritating fumes and smoke.

Preparation Method

1-Hexene is hydroborated with baron trifluoride and sodium borohydride in diglyme. Aqueous potassium hydroxide is then added followed by aqueous nitrate. Dodecane is produced as the product.

Applications

Dodecane may be utilized as an inorganic diluent to form an organic phase together with tri-n-octylamine as an extractant and decanol as an active diluent. Notably, this system can also be employed in the extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solutions.
Food Additives
Dodecane can be used as a flavoring agent in food processing
Industrial Uses
Dodecane has been used in the aviation industry as an alternate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A. It has also been used as a lubricant and additive to lubricants.
Consumer Uses
Dodecane is used as an adhesive and sealants.

Chemical Properties

Dodecane, C12H26, is a flammable, colorless liquid with specific gravity 0.749. It occurs in the paraffin fraction of petroleum. Dodecane is released to the environment by wastewater and spills from laboratory and general use of paraffins, petroleum oils, and tars.

Chemical Properties

colourless liquid

Physical properties

Clear, colorless liquid with a mild aliphatic hydrocarbon odor. An odor threshold concentration of 620 ppb_v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

Uses

Dodecane is a component of gasoline and is used as solvent, in organic synthesis, in jet fuel research, as a distillation chaser, and in the rubber and paper processing industries.

Uses

Solvent; jet fuel research; rubber industry; manufacturing paraffin products; paper processing industry; standardized hydrocarbon; distillation chaser; gasoline component; organic synthesis.

Uses

n-Dodecane is used as a solvent and a distillation chaser. It finds application as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in reprocessing plants and as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels in jet. It is an active component of scintillator as well as used in lubricants and greases.

Production Methods

Dodecane is isolated from the kerosene and gas oil fractions of crude oil by selective adsorption and subsequent desorption to yield mixtures of paraffins that can be separated by fractional distillation.

Definition

ChEBI: A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been form the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).

Synthesis Reference(s)

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 44, p. 1014, 1979 DOI: 10.1021/jo01320a033
Tetrahedron Letters, 31, p. 4681, 1990 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)97705-0

General Description

Clear colorless liquid.

Air & Water Reactions

Flammable. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as Dodecane, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Fire Hazard

Dodecane is combustible.

Carcinogenicity

Dodecane has been shown to be a promoter of skin carcinogenesis for benzo[a]pyrene and ultraviolet radiation.

Source

Constituent in paraffin fraction of petroleum. Dodecane may be present in stormwater runoff from asphalted roadways and general use of petroleum oils and tars (quoted, Verschueren). Schauer et al. (1999) reported dodecane in diesel fuel at a concentration of 15,500 μg/g and in a diesel-powered medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 503 μg/kg.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained dodecane at a concentration of 136 mg/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 83.9 and 1,770 μg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).
Identified as one of 140 volatile constituents in used soybean oils collected from a processing plant that fried various beef, chicken, and veal products (Takeoka et al., 1996). Also identified among 139 volatile compounds identified in cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. reticulates cv. Sol Real) using an automated rapid headspace solid phase microextraction method (Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001).

Environmental Fate

Biological. Dodecane may biodegrade in two ways. The first is the formation of dodecyl hydroperoxide which decomposes to 1-dodecanol. The alcohol is oxidized forming dodecanoic acid. The other pathway involves dehydrogenation to 1-dodecene, which may react with water, giving 1-dodecanol (Dugan, 1972).
Estimated half-lives of dodecane (0.3 μg/L) from an experimental marine mesocosm during the spring (8–16 °C), summer (20–22 °C), and winter (3–7 °C) were 1.1, 0.7, and 3.6 d, respectively (Wakeham et al., 1983).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water. Dodecane will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group.

Purification Methods

Pass it through a column of Linde type 13X molecular sieves. Store it in contact with, and distil it from sodium. Pass through a column of activated silica gel. It has been crystallised from diethyl ether at -60o. Unsaturated dry material which remained after passage through silica gel has been removed by catalytic hydrogenation (Pt2O) at 45lb/in2 (3.06 atmospheres), followed by fractional distillation under reduced pressure [Zook & Goldey J Am Chem Soc 75 3975 1953]. It has also purified by partial crystallisation from the melt. [Beilstein 1 IV 498.]