Morphine Sulfate Property

Melting point:

>240°C (dec.)

storage temp. 

Controlled Substance, -20°C Freezer

solubility 

ethanol: 1.8 mg/mL

form 

A crystalline solid

BCS Class

3/1

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

22

Safety Statements 

22-36

RIDADR 

UN 1544 6.1/PG 2

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

QC8760000

HS Code 

2939110000

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H336May cause drowsiness or dizziness

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

Morphine Sulfate Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Morphine (sulfate hydrate) (Item No. 25955) is an analytical reference standard categorized as an opioid. It is a natural phenanthrene commonly used for its analgesic properties but has a high potential for addiction. Morphine is regulated as a Schedule II compound in the United States. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.

Chemical Properties

White Solid

Originator

Avinza,Aetna Inc.

Uses

Principal alkaloid of opium. This is a controlled substance (opiate). Analgesic (narcotic)

Uses

Principle alkaloid of opium. This is a controlled substance (opiate). Analgesic (narcotic).

Definition

ChEBI: Morphine sulfate pentahydrate is an alkaloid sulfate salt and a hydrate. It contains a morphine.

Manufacturing Process

Morphin was extracted from the plant vegetable (the poppy) by the mixture of water and methanol or the aqueous solution of potassium pyrosulfate. The precipitation of the morphin was carried out by addition to the extract the aqueous solution of sodium carbonate.
Morphin can be obtained from the extract by using the cation exchanger.
Free base of morphin was transformated to the sulfate salt.

brand name

Astramorph (AstraZeneca); Avinza (Ligand); Depodur (Skyepharma); Duramorph (Baxter Healthcare); Infumorph (Baxter Healthcare); Kadian (Alpharma); Ms Contin (Purdue Frederick); Oramorph (Xanodyne).

Therapeutic Function

Narcotic analgesic, Sedative

Acquired resistance

The analgesic effect of orally dosed morphine can equal that obtained by parenteral administration, if proper doses are given. When given orally, the initial dose of morphine is usually 60 mg, followed by maintenance doses of 20 to 30 mg every 4 hours. Addiction to clinically used morphine by the oral route generally is not a problem.

Mechanism of action

Morphine sulfate is the analgesic used most often for severe, acute, and chronic pain. Morphine is a μ agonist and is a Schedule II drug. It is available in intramuscular, subcutaneous, oral, rectal, epidural, and intrathecal dosage forms. The epidural and intrathecal preparations are formulated without a preservative.Morphine is three- to six times more potent when given intramuscularly than when given orally. The difference in activity results from extensive first-pass 3-O-glucuronidation of morphine—an inactive metabolite. The half-life of intramuscularly dosed (10 mg) morphine is approximately 3 hours. The dose of morphine, by any dosage route, must be reduced in patients with renal failure and in geriatric and pediatric patients. The enhanced effects of morphine in renal failure is believed to be caused by a buildup of the active 6-glucuronide metabolite, which depends on renal function for elimination.