Uses Preparation Reactions
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Germanium oxide

Uses Preparation Reactions
Product Name
Germanium oxide
CAS No.
1310-53-8
Chemical Name
Germanium oxide
Synonyms
GeO2;GERMANIUM DIOXIDE;GERMANIUM(IV) OXIDE;Germanic acid;Germania;germanicacid;dioxogermane;germanic oxide;Germaniumdioxid;GERMANIUM OXIDE
CBNumber
CB6412641
Molecular Formula
GeO2
Formula Weight
104.64
MOL File
1310-53-8.mol
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Germanium oxide Property

Melting point:
>400 °C(lit.)
Density 
6.239 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure 
0Pa at 25℃
refractive index 
1.99
storage temp. 
no restrictions.
solubility 
ethylene glycol: soluble
form 
Powder/Flake/Crystalline/Beads/Lump, Etc.
Specific Gravity
6.239
color 
White
Water Solubility 
0.4 g/100 mL
Crystal Structure
Quartz type
crystal system
Three sides
Merck 
14,4409
Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)
pKsp: 57
Space group
P3221
Lattice constant
a/nmb/nmc/nmα/oβ/oγ/oV/nm3
0.49870.49870.565290901200.1217
InChIKey
YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP
4.14 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference
1310-53-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
Germanium dioxide(1310-53-8)
EPA Substance Registry System
Germanium oxide (GeO2) (1310-53-8)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
Xn
Risk Statements 
22
Safety Statements 
22-24/25
WGK Germany 
1
RTECS 
LY5240000
TSCA 
Yes
HS Code 
2825 60 00
Hazardous Substances Data
1310-53-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
LD50 i.p. in rats: 750 mg/kg, Rosenfeld, Wallace, Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 8, 466 (1953)
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Warning
Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

Precautionary statements

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

P501Dispose of contents/container to..…

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
199478
Product name
Germanium(IV) oxide
Purity
(crystalline powder), 99.998% trace metals basis
Packaging
10g
Price
$145
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
199478
Product name
Germanium(IV) oxide
Purity
(crystalline powder), 99.998% trace metals basis
Packaging
25g
Price
$302
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1.12177
Product name
Germanium(IV) oxide
Purity
99+
Packaging
2g
Price
$80.7
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1.12177
Product name
Germanium(IV) oxide
Purity
99+
Packaging
5G
Price
$145
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1.12177
Product name
Germanium(IV) oxide
Purity
99+
Packaging
25g
Price
$574
Updated
2024/03/01
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Germanium oxide Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Uses

Germanium oxide has high refractive index and infrared transmission, for which it is used in industrial glasses. It also is used in preparation of high purity grade germanium.

Preparation

Germanium oxide is prepared by heating germanium with oxygen at elevated temperatures, or by hydrolysis of germanium(IV) halides:
GeCl4 + 2H2O → GeO2 + 4HCl
It also is prepared by oxidation of germanium(II) sulfide:
GeS + 2O2 GeO2 + SO2
The product obtained in the above reactions is in the form of hexagonal modification of GeO2.

Reactions

Germanium oxide is reduced to germanium metal when heated with hydrogen at 1,000°C:
GeO2 + 2H2 → Ge + 2H2O
When heated with germanium, the dioxide is reduced to monoxide, GeO:
GeO2 + Ge 2GeO
Treatment with hydrochloric acid yields germanium(IV) chloride:
GeO2 + 4HCl → GeCl4 + 2H2O
In a strongly acidic solution, its reaction with hydrogen sulfide yields an amorphous modification of germanium(IV) sulfide, GeS2.
Melting a mixture of germanium dioxide and metal oxides produces orthoand metagermanates of the corresponding metals. Aqueous solutions of germanate react with molybdic and tungstic acids forming heteropoly acids of varying compositions.

Description

Germanium oxide also called Germanium dioxide is the oxide of germanium, an inorganic compound, featuring the chemical formula GeO2. It is formed as a passivation layer on pure germanium after exposure to oxygen. Germanium dioxide generally has a low toxicity, but shows severe nephrotoxicity at higher doses. Germanium dioxide is still offered on the market in some questionable miracle therapies. Exposure to high doses of germanium dioxide can lead to germanium poisoning.

Chemical Properties

White powder, hexagonal, tetragonal, and amorphous.

Uses

Germanium dioxide is used as an optical material for wide-angle lenses and in optical microscope objective lenses. It is used as a catalyst in the preparation of polyethylene terephthalate resin. Further, it is used as a feedstock for the manufacturing of phosphors and semiconductor materials. It is also used in transistors and diodes, and infrared transmitting glass.

Uses

Germanium oxide can be used in Phosphors, transistors and diodes, infraredtransmitting glass.

Uses

When Germanium dioxide is 99.999% pure, it is used as a semiconductor in transistors, in diodes, and to make special infrared transmitting glass.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

Safety Profile

Poison by intraperitoneal route. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Purification Methods

The oxide (GeO2) is usually prepared by hydrolysing redistilled GeCl4 and igniting it in order to remove H2O and chloride. It can be further purified by dissolving in hot H2O (solubility is 4g/L cold) evaporating and drying the residual crystalline solid. When the soluble form (which is produced in H2O at 355o) is heated for 100hours, it is converted to the insoluble form. This form is stable at temperatures up to 1033o, and fusion at 1080o for 4hours causes complete de-vitrification and it reverts to the soluble form. [Müller & Blank J Am Chem Soc 46 2358 1924, Dennis & Laubengayer J Am Chem Soc 47 1945 1925, Laubengayer & Morton J Am Chem Soc 54 2303 1932, Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 706 1963.]

Structure and conformation

Germanium oxide ccurs in two crystalline and one amorphous modifications: (1) a tetragonal rutile form, refractive index 2.05, density 6.24 g/cm3 at 20°C. (2) white hexagonal quartz modification, refractive index 1.735, density 4.70 g/cm3 at 18°C, and (3) a glassy amorphous form, refractive index 1.607, density 3.64 g/cm3 at 20°C. The tetragonal form is practically insoluble in water, while the hexagonal and the amorphous modifications have low solubilities; 0.45 and 0.52% respectively, at 25°C. Aqueous solutions are acidic due to formation of metagermanic acid, H2GeO3. Hexagonal modification converts to a tetragonal crystal system when heated at 350°C in water under pressure. Both crystalline forms convert to a glass-like amorphous GeO2 when heated at 1,100°C.

Germanium oxide Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

GERMANIUM(IV) CHLORIDE

Preparation Products

GERMANIUM(IV) CHLORIDE
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View Lastest Price from Germanium oxide manufacturers

HebeiShuoshengImportandExportco.,Ltd
Product
Germanium oxide 1310-53-8
Price
US $6.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
2000KG/Month
Release date
2024-08-02
Hebei Longbang Technology Co., Ltd
Product
Germanium oxide 1310-53-8
Price
US $6.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
More than 99%
Supply Ability
2000KG/Month
Release date
2024-05-22
Hebei Jingbo New Material Technology Co., Ltd
Product
Germanium oxide 1310-53-8
Price
US $8.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
200000
Release date
2023-12-07

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