Propylamine Property

Melting point:

-83 °C (lit.)

Boiling point:

48 °C (lit.)

Density 

0.719 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

vapor density 

2 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

4.79 psi ( 20 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.388(lit.)

FEMA 

4237 | PROPYLAMINE

Flash point:

−35 °F

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

solubility 

water: soluble0.4 part(lit.)

pka

10.6(at 20℃)

form 

Liquid

Specific Gravity

0.7173

color 

Clear colorless to pale yellow

PH

12.6 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Odor

ammoniacal

Odor Type

ammoniacal

Odor Threshold

0.061ppm

explosive limit

2.1-13.6%(V)

Water Solubility 

soluble

Sensitive 

Air Sensitive

JECFA Number

1580

Merck 

14,7843

BRN 

1098243

Exposure limits

No exposure limit has been set. Based on its similarity to ethylamine in irritation and toxicity, a TLV-TWA of 10 ppm (～24 mg/m³) should be appropriate. .

Dielectric constant

5.9000000000000004

Dielectric constant

3.0（Ambient）

Stability:

Stable. Highly flammable. Note low flash point. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Incompatible with oxidising agents, strong acids. Store cool.

LogP

0.55

CAS DataBase Reference

107-10-8(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

1-Propanamine(107-10-8)

EPA Substance Registry System

Propylamine (107-10-8)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

F,C

Risk Statements 

11-20/21/22-34-35-52/53

Safety Statements 

26-36/37/39-45-16-7/9-36-61

RIDADR 

UN 1277 3/PG 2

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

UH9100000

F 

34

Autoignition Temperature

604 °F

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

2921 19 99

HazardClass 

3

PackingGroup 

II

Hazardous Substances Data

107-10-8(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in rats: 0.57 g/kg (Smyth)

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H225Highly Flammable liquid and vapour

H290May be corrosive to metals

H302Harmful if swallowed

H314Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

H335May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary statements

P210Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P330+P331IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.

P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.

Propylamine Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Propylamine, with the chemical formula C3H9N, is a colorless and volatile liquid. It can be dissolved in various solvents such as water, ethanol, ether, acetone, benzene, and other organic solvents. Its specific gravity is 0.7, making it lighter than water. Propylamine has a flammable range of 2% to 10% in air and is flammable. It has a boiling point of 120°F (48°C), flash point of 35°F (37°C), and an ignition temperature of 604°F (317°C). Its vapor density is 2, heavier than air, and can form explosive mixtures when combined with air. It can burn and is corrosive, causing skin and tissue irritation. Its primary uses are as a chemical intermediate and a lab reagent.

Chemical Properties

n-Propylamine, also known as propylamine, is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor resembling ammonia. It has strong basic properties, leading to its easy formation of salts when combined with acids. Its reactivity is similar to that described for the other short chain aliphatic amines (Astel 1961).

Uses

1-Propylamine is used in chemical analysis and to make other chemicals, used as a solvent in organic synthesis. And it is used as finishing agent of drugs, paints, rubber, fiber, textile and resin. Additionally, it can be used as petroleum additive and preservative.

Uses

n-Propylamine is used as an intermediate inmany organic reactions. It has been used in the synthesis of single crystals of siliceous ferrierite.

Definition

ChEBI: Propylamine is a member of the class of alkylamines that is propane substituted by an amino group at C-1. It is a conjugate base of a propan-1-aminium.

Production Methods

There are several methods employed in the manufacture of propylamine. Typically, ammonia and propanol are reacted over a dehydration catalyst at high temperature and pressure. Ammonia, propanol, and hydrogen can also be reacted over a dehydrogenation catalyst such as metallic silver. Propylamine can also be synthesized from propionaldehyde and ammonia with a Raney nickel catalyst (Schweizer et al 1978).

Aroma threshold values

High strength odor; ammoniacal type; recommend smelling in a 0.10% solution or less.

General Description

A clear colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Flash point -35°F. Less dense than water and soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used in chemical analysis and to make other chemicals.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Colorless, alkaline liquid, very volatile (b. p. 48° C), moderately toxic, highly flammable. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, or strong oxidizers. When heated to decomposition Propylamine emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen. Incompatible with triethylaluminum, complex may explode on sublimation [Chini, P. et al., Chim. e Ind (Milan), 1962, 44, p. 1220].

Hazard

Highly flammable, dangerous fire risk, explosive limits in air 2–10%, use alcohol foam to extinguish. Strong irritant to skin and tissue.

Health Hazard

n-Propylamine is a strong irritant and a mod erately toxic substance. the toxic routes areinhalation, ingestion, and absorption throughthe skin. Contact of the liquid on the skincan cause burns and possibly skin sensitization. Irritation in the eyes from exposure tohigh concentrations can be severe. It is a respiratory tract irritant, similar to ethylamine.Inhalation of 2300 ppm of n-propylamine for4 hours caused labored breathing, hepatitis,and hepatocellular necrosis in rats. It is somewhat less toxic than ethylamine by oral anddermal routes.
LC50 value, inhalation (mice): 2500 mg/m³/2 hr

LD50 value, oral (rats): 570 mg/kg
LD50 value, skin (rabbits): 560 mg/kg.

Fire Hazard

Highly flammable liquid; flash point (closed cup) -37°C (-35°F); vapor density 2.0 (air = 1), vapor can travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back; autoignition temperature 318°C (604°F); fire extinguishing agent: dry chemical, CO2, or “alcohol” foam; water should be used to keep fire-exposed containers cool and to flush and dilute the spill.
n-Propylamine forms explosive mixtures in air; LEL and UEL values are 2.0% and 10.4% by volume in air, respectively. There is no report of explosion associated with this compound. It is expected to exhibit violent reactions characteristic of lower aliphatic primary amines .

Industrial uses

Propylamine is important as a chemical intermediate for rubber chemicals, dyestuffs, propyl isocyanate, textile and leather finishing resins and corrosion inhibitors. It is also used in the production of pharmaceuticals such as Prilocaine, pesticides including Profluralin and in petroleum additives. In 1976, 500 tons of propylamine were manufactured in the U.S. (HSDB 1988).

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact routes. A skin and severe eye irritant. Possibly a skin sensitizer. Very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use alcohol foam. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. Incompatible with triethynyl aluminum. See also AMINES.

Potential Exposure

Propylamine is used to make textile resins, drugs, pesticides, and other chemicals.

Metabolism

To date, there are several studies which indicate that propylamine may be metabolized in many animal species, including man. When propylamine hydrochloride was administered to humans orally, little of the parent compound was recovered in the urine (Rechenberger 1940). It has also been reported that dogs are capable of metabolizing propylamine (Bernhard 1938). McEwen et al (1966) demonstrated that monoamine oxidase, purified from rabbit serum, was capable of oxidizing propylamine, although less actively than substituted phenylethylamines such as dopamine. Further characterization revealed that the protonated amine is bound by an unprotonated enzyme group, that the enzyme active site is composed of hydrophobic residues, and that interaction of the amine residues determines maximal velocity and affinity constant (McEwen and Sober 1967). Oxidation of the amine could be stimulated by the presence of aliphatic alcohols which apparently bond in a tertiary complex with the enzyme and substrate, thereby increasing the effectiveness of substrate binding.
Other investigators have provided evidence that propylamine may not be a substrate for tissue monoamine oxidase. When given intraperitoneally to rats it had no effect on the liver enzyme and little effect on activity in the brain (Valiev 1974). Early work by Pugh and Quastel (1937) indicated that slices of rat brain did not metabolize propylamine.

Shipping

UN1277 Propylamine, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 8-Corrosive material.

Purification Methods

Distil the amine from zinc dust, under reduced pressure, in an atmosphere of nitrogen. [Beilstein 4 IV 464.]

Incompatibilities

Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Violent reaction on contact with oxidizers and mercury, strong acids; organic anhydrides; isocyanates, aldehydes, nitroparrafins, halogenated hydrocarbons; alcohols and many other compounds. Attacks many metals and alloys, especially those of copper. Aqueous solution is acidic and may attack glass.

Waste Disposal

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.