Anagrelide hydrochloride Property

Melting point:

>280°C

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

DMSO: soluble1mg/mL, clear (warmed)

form 

powder

color 

white to beige

Stability:

Stable for 1 year from date of purchase as supplied. Solutions in DMSO may be stored at -20°C for up to 3 months.

CAS DataBase Reference

58579-51-4(CAS DataBase Reference)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

22-36/37/38

Safety Statements 

26

WGK Germany 

3

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H351Suspected of causing cancer

H413May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life

Precautionary statements

P202Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P308+P313IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.

P405Store locked up.

P501Dispose of contents/container to..…

Anagrelide hydrochloride Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Anagrelide hydrochloride was launched in the US for thrombocytosis (essential or associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia). The imidazoquinazoline derivative can be prepared from 2,5,6-trichloro-3,4-dihydropyrimidine via alkylation with ethyl bromoacetate followed by heating with ethanolic ammonia or treatment of N-(a-amino- 5,6-dichlorobenzyl)glycine ethyl ester with cyanogen bromide. As a result of its anti-cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE Ⅲ) activity, Anagrelide hydrochloride was initially tested as a platelet aggregation inhibitor. However it was found that at much lower concentrations it became thrombocytopenic. While the mechanism is not fully understood, it did not shorten platelet survival nor inhibit the formation of colony-forming unitsmegakaryocytes (CFU-M) but primarily interfered with the maturation of megakaryocytes (reduction in size with altered ploidy). It did decrease peripheral vascular resistance and had a positive inotropic effect.

Chemical Properties

Off-White Powder

Originator

Roberts (US)

Uses

Signal Transduction Agents, Potent PDE3 inhibitor

Uses

Anagrelide Hydrochloride is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with antiplatelet activity. Used as an antithrombocythemic. Potent PDE3 inhibitor.

Definition

ChEBI: The hydrochloride salt of anagrelide.

Manufacturing Process

6,7-Dicloro-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-2-one was produced from 6-chloro-7-bromo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinozolin-2-one by substitution the bromine an equimolar quantity chlorine.
6-Chloro-7-bromo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-2-one was produced next way: to a solution of 1.30 g (8 mmole) of anhydrous ferric chloride in 30 ml of nitromethane was added 1.30 g (5 mmole) of solid 6- chloro-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-2-one and 0.80 g (5 mmole) of bromine. The system was stoppered, warmed to 50°C in an oil bath overnight, cooled to room temperature and the solvent removed in vacuo. The resulting solid was suspended in water (50 ml), the mixture was made basic (pH=10) with sodium bicarbonate and stirred at home temperature for 20 min. The solid was filtered under suction, washed with water, then isopropyl alcohol and dried yielding 1.19 g of 6-chloro-7-bromo- 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-2-one (78% yield). Purification was effected by formation of the hydrochloride salt (mp 275°C) from acetonitrile.
6-Chloro-1,2,3,5,-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-2-one was produced from 6-chloro-2-nitrobenzylchloride, ethylglycine hydrochloride and cyanogen bromide in 3 steps.

brand name

Agrylin (Shire).

Therapeutic Function

Platelet aggregation inhibitor

General Description

Anagrelide belongs to the imidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-2-one series of compounds.

Biological Activity

Potent type III phosphodiesterase (PDE3) inhibitor (IC 50 = 36 nM). Inhibits platelet aggregation and produces potent thrombocytopenic effects via inhibition of megakaryocyte maturation.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Anagrelide is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with antiplatelet activity (IC50 = 36 nM for inhibition of phosphodiesterase-III). Anagrelide inhibits the maturation of megakaryocytes into platelets, reducing both megakaryocyte hyperproliferation and differentiation. As a drug, anagrelide is antithrombocythemic used for the treatment of overproduction of blood platelets.

References

1) Gilespie?et al.?(1988),?Anagrelide: a potent and selective inhibitor of platelet cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase enzyme activity; Biochem. Pharmacol.?37?2866 2) Mazur?et al.?(1992),?Analysis of the mechanism of anagrelide-induced thrombocytopenia in humans; Blood,?79?1931 3) Wang?et al.?(2005),?Comparison of the biological activities of anagrelide and its major metabolites in haematopoietic cell cultures; Br. J. Pharmacol.,?146?324 4) Barbui?et al.?(2012),?Front-line therapy in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia; Blood Rev.,?26?205 5) Chen?et al.?(2012),?Platelet-lowering therapy with anagrelide as an adjuvant therapy for treatment of primary pulmonary neoplasm-associated extreme thrombocytosis; Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol.,?42?761