PINE OIL Chemical Properties

FEMA 

2906 | PINE SCOTCH OIL (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.)

Odor

at 100.00 %. earthy dry weedy green pine woody

Odor Type

earthy

EPA Substance Registry System

Oils, pine, Pinus sylvestris (8023-99-2)

PINE OIL Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties

Pine-needle oil is produced primarily in Eastern (Hungary) and Southeastern (Bulgaria) Europe by steam distillation of the needles of the Norwegian or Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L. var. sylvestris or Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. nigra. It is a colorless or yellowish liquid with an aromatic, turpentine-like odor. In China, pine-needle oil is also obtained from Pinus massoniana Lamb.
d25 0.857–0.885; n²⁰_D 1.4730–1.4785; α²⁰_D ?4 ° to +10 °; solubility: 1 vol in 6 vol of 90% ethanol, sometimes slightly opalescent; ester content (calculated as bornyl acetate): 1.5–5%.

Chemical Properties

Scotch pine tree grows to 20 to 25 m (66 to 82 ft) in height. It has a reddish-brown bark (rough or cracked) that detaches readily; long, blue-green needles (twined) forming a terminal cluster; and flowers from April to May. The staminiferous flowers are clustered at the branch tips, while the pistiliferous flowers are singular and reddish-purple in color, and they later yield scaly cones. The tree is widespread throughout Europe, Asia and North America. The parts used are the needles and twigs. Scotch Pine has a strong pine–turpentine odor.

Chemical Properties

The oil is obtained by steam distillation of the comminuted leaves (needles). It has a characteristic turpentine odor. It is produced mainly in Tyrol, Russia and the former Yugoslavia.

Physical properties

The oil is a clear, colorless or yellow-green, volatile liquid. It is soluble in most fixed oils, mineral oil (with opalescence). It is slightly soluble in propylene glycol and practically insoluble in glycerin. The physical–chemical constants vary widely, depending on the plant source.

Occurrence

Found in the leaves (needles) of Pinus sylvestris L. (Fam. Pinaceae).

Preparation

By steam-distillation of the leaves (needles) of P. sylvestris L.

Definition

Extractives and their physically modified derivatives. Pinus sylvestris, Pinaceae.

Essential oil composition

Main constituents include α- and β-pinene, d- and l-limonene, aldehydes, dl-borneol, alcohols, terpene alcohols, bornyl acetate, phenols and fatty acids.

Composition

The barks were analyzed to biomonitor the pollution by estimating the following inorganic and organic substances: Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mo, NH4 +, Ni, NO3 -, PO4(3)-, Pb, Sr, SO4(2)-, Ti, V, W, Zr, Zn, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT).* The German oil contains dextro-pinene, d-sylvestrene, cadinene, and probably bornyl- or terpinyl-acetate (about 3.5%).

Toxicity evaluation

Both the acute oral LD₅₀ value in rats and the acute dermal LD₅₀ value in rabbits exceeded 5 g/kg (Levenstein, 1975). The acute oral LD₅₀ for rats was determined by von Skramlik (1959) as 6.88 g/kg body weight, calculated to correspond to approximately 482g/70kg body weight in man.

PINE OIL(8023-99-2)Related Product Information

• Pineneedle Oil
• Pinitol oil
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