2-Heptanone Chemical Properties

Melting point:

-35 °C (lit.)

Boiling point:

149-150 °C (lit.)

Density 

0.82 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

vapor density 

3.94 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

2.14 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.408(lit.)

FEMA 

2544 | 2-HEPTANONE

Flash point:

106 °F

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

solubility 

water: soluble4.21 g/L at 20°C

form 

Liquid

color 

Clear colorless

Odor

at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. fruity spicy sweet herbal coconut woody

Odor Type

cheesy

explosive limit

1.11-7.9%(V)

Odor Threshold

0.0068ppm

Water Solubility 

4.3 g/L (20 ºC)

Merck 

14,4663

JECFA Number

283

BRN 

1699063

Henry's Law Constant

3.59 at 37 °C (static headspace-GC, Bylaite et al., 2004)

Dielectric constant

12.9（22℃）

Exposure limits

TLV-TWA 235 mg/m³ (50 ppm) (ACGIH), 465 mg/m³ (100 ppm) (NIOSH). .

Stability:

Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents, strong bases.

LogP

2.26 at 30℃

CAS DataBase Reference

110-43-0(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

2-Heptanone(110-43-0)

EPA Substance Registry System

2-Heptanone (110-43-0)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

22-38-40-48/20/22-20/22-10

Safety Statements 

36-24/25

RIDADR 

UN 2810 6.1/PG 3

OEB

A

OEL

TWA: 100 ppm (465 mg/m3)

WGK Germany 

2

RTECS 

MJ5250000

Autoignition Temperature

739 °F

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

3

PackingGroup 

III

HS Code 

29141990

Hazardous Substances Data

110-43-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 1670 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 10332 mg/kg

IDLA

800 ppm

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:Methyl amyl ketone
• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich
• Language:English Provider:ACROS
• Language:English Provider:ALFA

2-Heptanone Usage And Synthesis

Description

2-Heptanone has a characteristic banana, slightly spicy odor. It may be prepared by oxidation of methyl n-amyl carbinol; also from n-amyl propionic acid or from ethyl butyl acetat.

Chemical Properties

2-Heptanone is a clear colorless liquid with a fruity, spicy, cinnamon, banana, slightly spicy odor. The ketone 2-heptanone is a polar molecular compound with dipole-dipole attractions between the molecules.

Physical properties

Colorless liquid with a banana-like odor. Can be detected at a concentration of 140 μg/kg (Buttery et al., 1969a). Cometto-Mu?iz et al. (2000) reported nasal pungency threshold concentrations ranging from approximately 195 to 935 ppm. An odor threshold concentration of 6.8 ppb_v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

Occurrence

Reported found in clove essential oil, Ceylon cinnamon and rancid coconut oil; also identifed in Ruta Montana Also reported found in banana, lingonberry, loganberry, black currant, guava, grapes, papaya, peach, pear, raspberry, other berries, strawberry jam, asparagus, roasted onion, leek, baked potato, mushroom, clove bud, ginger, blue, cheddar and Swiss cheeses, milk, cream, butter, fsh, meats, hop oil, beer, brandy, rum, malt whiskey, grape wines, cocoa, coffee, tea, peanuts, pecans, walnut, oats, soybeans, coconut oil, olive, passion fruit, mango, fgs, rice, sweet corn, corn tortillas, malt, caviar, shrimp, oysters, crab, crayfsh and mate

Uses

2-Heptanone is used as an industrial solvent; a solvent for synthetic resin finishes; an inert reaction medium; a flavor ingredient in foods; a fragrance ingredient in creams, lotions, perfumes, soaps, and detergents.

Uses

Methyl amyl ketone is used as a flavoringagent and as a solvent in nitrocellulose lacquers, synthetic flavoring, perfumery and synthetic resins.

Definition

ChEBI: Heptan-2-one is a dialkyl ketone with methyl and pentyl as the alkyl groups. It has a role as a pheromone and a mouse metabolite. It is a dialkyl ketone and a methyl ketone.

Preparation

By oxidation of methyl n-amyl carbinol; also from n-amyl propionic acid or from ethyl butyl acetate.

Aroma threshold values

Detection: 1 ppb to 1.33 ppm; recognition: 2.66 to 3.73 ppm; aroma characteristics at 1.0%: cheesy ketonic, slightly green waxy, banana fruity.

Taste threshold values

Taste characteristics at 20 ppm: cheesy, fruity, coconut, waxy green, creamy, fungal with buttery and brown fruity nuances.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 58, p. 2271, 1980 DOI: 10.1139/v80-365
Tetrahedron Letters, 35, p. 8835, 1994 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)78511-X
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 102, p. 1047, 1980 DOI: 10.1021/ja00523a023

General Description

A clear colorless liquid. Flash point 126°F. Less dense than water and only slightly soluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors heavier than air. Density 6.8 lb / gal. Used as a synthetic flavoring and in perfumes.

Air & Water Reactions

Flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

2-Heptanone reacts exothermically with many acids and bases to produce flammable gases (e.g., H2). The heat may be sufficient to start a fire in the unreacted portion. Reacts with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrides to produce flammable gas and heat. Incompatible with isocyanates, aldehydes, cyanides, peroxides, and anhydrides. Incompatible with many oxidizing agents including nitric acid, nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture, and perchloric acid. May form peroxides [USCG, 1999].

Hazard

Moderate fire risk. Toxic by inhalation, skin and eye irritant, narcotic in high concentration.

Health Hazard

Exposure to methyl amyl ketone causedirritation of mucous membranes, mild tomoderate congestion of the lungs, and narcosis in test animals. A 4-hour exposure to a4000-ppm concentration in air was lethal torats; 1500–2000 ppm produced lung irritation and narcosis. The concentration at whichit produces similar symptoms in humans isnot known.
The oral toxicity of this compound is low.Its irritant action on skin should be low tovery low.
LD50 value, oral (mice): 730 mg/kg.

Fire Hazard

Combustible liquid, flash point (closed cup) 39.9°C (102°F), (open cup) 48.9°C (12°F); vapor density 3.9 (air = 1) vapor pressure 2.6 torr at 20°C (68°F); autoignition temperature 393°C (740°F); fire-extinguishing agent: “alcohol” foam; a water spray may be used to cool below its flash point.
Methyl amyl ketone forms an explosive mixture with air in the range 1.1% [at 66°C (150.8°F)] to 7.9% [at 121°C (249.8°F)] by volume. It can react explosively with strong acids, alkalies, and oxidizing agents.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mildly toxic by inhalation and skin contact. A skin irritant. A flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. See also KETONES.

Potential Exposure

Primary Irritant. Methyl amyl ketone is used as a solvent in metal roll coatings and in synthetic resin finishes; as a solvent for nitrocellulose in lacquers and as a relatively inert reaction medium.

First aid

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.

Source

Identified as one of 140 volatile constituents in used soybean oils collected from a processing plant that fried various beef, chicken, and veal products (Takeoka et al., 1996). Also identified as a volatile constituent released by fresh coffee beans (Coffea canephora variety Robusta and Coffea arabica) at different stages of ripeness (Mathieu et al., 1998).

Environmental Fate

Biological. Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 10-d BOD value of 0.50 g/g which is 17.8% of the ThOD value of 2.81 g/g.
Chemical/Physical. Atkinson et al. (2000) studied the kinetic and products of the gas-phase reaction of 2-heptanone with OH radicals in purified air at 25 °C and 740 mmHg. A relative rate constant of 1.17 x 10^-11 cm³/molecule·sec was calculated for this reaction. Reaction products identified by GC, FTIR, and atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectroscopy were (with respective molar yields): formaldehyde, 0.38; acetaldehyde, λ0.05; propanal, λ0.05; butanal, 0.07; pentanal, 0.09; and molecular weight 175 organic nitrates.
2-Heptanone will not hydrolyze because it does not contain a hydrolyzable functional group. Burns in air releasing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

storage

Color Code—Red: Flammability Hazard: Store in a flammable liquid storage area or approved cabinet away from ignition sources and corrosive and reactive materials. Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Before entering confined space where this chemical may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Methyl (n-amyl) ketone must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers, such as perchlorates, peroxides, chlorates, nitrites, and permanganates, since violent reaction occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat or flame. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where methyl (n-amyl) ketone is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.

Shipping

UN1110 n-Amyl Methyl ketone, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Toxicity evaluation

2-Heptanone is metabolized in the liver and causes toxicity by oxidative and free radical mechanisms. It is known to potentiate both nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of halogenated hydrocarbons.

Incompatibilities

Forms explosive mixture with air. Strong acids, alkalis, oxidizers. Attacks some forms of plastics.

Waste Disposal

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

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