SMER 28 Chemical Properties

Melting point:

171-173 °C

Boiling point:

391.6±32.0 °C(Predicted)

Density 

1.520±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

DMSO: >20mg/mL

form 

solid

pka

6.12±0.50(Predicted)

color 

Beige

Stability:

Stable for 1 year from date of purchase as supplied. Solutions in DMSO or ethanol may be stored at -20°C for up to 3 months.

InChI

1S/C11H10BrN3/c1-2-5-13-11-9-6-8(12)3-4-10(9)14-7-15-11/h2-4,6-7H,1,5H2,(H,13,14,15)

InChIKey

BCPOLXUSCUFDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

Brc1ccc2ncnc(NCC=C)c2c1

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

Xi

Risk Statements 

37/38-41

Safety Statements 

26-36/37

WGK Germany 

3

HS Code 

2933.59.8000

Storage Class

11 - Combustible Solids

SMER 28 Usage And Synthesis

Description

SMER28 (CAS 307538-42-7) Induces autophagy via an mTOR-independent pathway. Enhances clearance of ?-amyloid protein in cell lines and primary neuronal culture models.1-3? May be a useful lead compound for the development of new therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.4?Induces the release of articular cartilage vesicles from healthy articular chondrocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner.5? Promotes reprogramming of fibroblasts to neural stem-like cells.6?Cell permeable.

Uses

SMER 28 is a positive regulator of autophagy in a mechanism independent from the mTOR pathway. SMER 28 increases autophagosome synthesis and enhances clearance of model autophagy substrates such as A53T α-synuclein associated with Huntington''s disease.

Uses

SMER28 may be used in mTOR-mediated signaling studies.

Definition

ChEBI: SMER 28 is a member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted by a prop-2-en-1-ylnitrilo group and a bromo group at positions 4 and 6, respectively. It is a modulator of mammalian autophagy. It has a role as an autophagy inducer. It is a member of quinazolines, a secondary amino compound and an organobromine compound.

Biochem/physiol Actions

SMER28 is a small molecule modulator of mammalian autophagy; enhances A53T alpha-synuclein clearance in PC-12 cells independent of rapamycin treatment; appears to act independent of the mTOR pathway, but combined treatment with saturating rapamycin concentration enhances the effect of either compound alone on A53T alpha-synuclein clearance; autophagy inducers may prove useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative and infectious diseases and cancer.

in vitro

smer 28 independently induced autophagy of rapamycin in mammalian cells, enhancing the clearance of autophagy substrates such as a53t a-synuclein and mutant huntingtin, which were associated with huntington’s and parkinson’s disease. smer 28, which seemed to act either independently or downstream of the rapamycin target, was found to attenuate the mutant huntingtin-fragment toxicity in huntington’s disease cells [1].

in vivo

previous study confirmed that the reduction of egfp-hdq74 aggregation occured through autophagy using autophagy-competent mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mefs) (atg5+/+). egfp-hdq74 aggregation was increased significantly in untreated atg5-/- (autophagy-deficient) cells when compared with untreated atg5+/+ cells. smer 28 reduced egfp-hdq74 aggregation in atg5+/+ cells significantly, but not in atg5-/- cells). therefore, smer 28 could only reduce mutant huntingtin aggregation in autophagy-competent cells [1].

storage

Store at +4°C

References

[1] YUAN TIAN. A small-molecule enhancer of autophagy decreases levels of Aβ and APP-CTF via Atg5-dependent autophagy pathway[J]. FASEB Journal, 2011, 25 6: 1934-1942. DOI:10.1096/fj.10-175158
[2] YUAN TIAN. The convergence of endosomal and autophagosomal pathways: implications for APP-CTF degradation.[J]. Autophagy, 2014, 10 4: 694-696. DOI:10.4161/auto.27802
[3] DEE SHEN. Novel Cell- and Tissue-Based Assays for Detecting Misfolded and Aggregated Protein Accumulation Within Aggresomes and Inclusion Bodies[J]. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2010, 60 3: 173-185. DOI:10.1007/s12013-010-9138-4
[4] MAURIZIO RENNA. Chemical inducers of autophagy that enhance the clearance of mutant proteins in neurodegenerative diseases.[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010: 11061-11067. DOI:10.1074/jbc.r109.072181
[5] ANN K ROSENTHAL. Autophagy modulates articular cartilage vesicle formation in primary articular chondrocytes.[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2015: 13028-13038. DOI:10.1074/jbc.m114.630558
[6] MINGLIANG ZHANG. Pharmacological Reprogramming of Fibroblasts into Neural Stem Cells by Signaling-Directed Transcriptional Activation.[J]. Cell stem cell, 2016, 18 5: 653-667. DOI:10.1016/j.stem.2016.03.020

SMER 28(307538-42-7)Related Product Information

• WORTMANNIN
• APICIDIN
• AICAR
• Rapamycin