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Phenylephrine

Product Name
Phenylephrine
CAS No.
59-42-7
Chemical Name
Phenylephrine
Synonyms
PHENYLEPHRINE BASE;Phenylephrin;L-PHENYLEPHRINE;(r)-phenylephrine;(-)-Phenylephrine Base;(R)-3-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)phenol;C07441;Mesaton;Mezaton;Mydfrin
CBNumber
CB0438096
Molecular Formula
C9H13NO2
Formula Weight
167.21
MOL File
59-42-7.mol
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Phenylephrine Property

Melting point:
171°C
Boiling point:
295.79°C (rough estimate)
Density 
1.1222 (rough estimate)
refractive index 
-55.5 ° (C=5, 1mol/L HCl)
storage temp. 
-20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere
solubility 
Slightly soluble in water, sparingly soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent). It dissolves in dilute mineral acids and in dilute solutions of alkali hydroxides.
form 
Solid
pka
pKa 8.9 (Uncertain)
color 
White to Off-White
CAS DataBase Reference
59-42-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
Benzenemethanol, 3-hydroxy-«alpha»-[(methylamino)methyl]-, (r)-(59-42-7)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
Xn
Risk Statements 
22-36/37/38-41-37/38
Safety Statements 
26-36-45-39
RTECS 
DO7175000
HS Code 
2922.19.7000
Hazardous Substances Data
59-42-7(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
LD50 oral in rat: 350mg/kg
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H315Causes skin irritation

H318Causes serious eye damage

H335May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
P1240000
Product name
Phenylephrine
Purity
European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Packaging
p1240000
Price
$220
Updated
2024/03/01
TCI Chemical
Product number
P0395
Product name
L-Phenylephrine
Purity
>98.0%(HPLC)(T)
Packaging
5g
Price
$115
Updated
2024/03/01
TCI Chemical
Product number
P0395
Product name
L-Phenylephrine
Purity
>98.0%(HPLC)(T)
Packaging
25g
Price
$348
Updated
2024/03/01
Cayman Chemical
Product number
17205
Product name
L-Phenylephrine
Purity
≥98%
Packaging
1g
Price
$57
Updated
2024/03/01
Cayman Chemical
Product number
17205
Product name
L-Phenylephrine
Purity
≥98%
Packaging
5g
Price
$98
Updated
2024/03/01
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Phenylephrine Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

This synthetic drug has both chemical and pharmacological similarities to norepinephrine. A characteristic quality of phenylephrine is the distinctly expressed selectivity to α- adrenoreceptors, especially α1-adrenoreceptors. Although phenylephrine increases the contractibility of blood vessels, in practical terms it is not considered a cardiostimulant.

Chemical Properties

White or almost white, crystalline powder.

Uses

L-Phenylephrine is an adrenergic α1A receptor agonist (Ki = 1.4 μM) that demonstrates selectivity against the α1B and α1C receptor subtypes (Kis = 23.9 and 47.8 μM, respectively). By stimulating adrenergic α1 receptors, L-phenylephrine can induce aortic smooth muscle contractions, although reported relative affinity and potency values in rabbit are 5-fold weaker compared to that of L-norepinephrine. This compound is frequently used to precontract smooth muscle in preparations designed to study the properties of various vasodilator agents. Because L-phenylephrine acts on adrenergic α1 receptors in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa to produce constriction, it has been examined clinically as an oral decongestant.

Uses

Phenylephrine is used in hypotension, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and shock. It is also used locally, particularly in the form of nasal spray, for relieving edema.

Definition

ChEBI: A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.

brand name

Afrin 4 Hour Nasal Spray (Schering-Plough Health Care); Biomydrin (Parke-Davis); Mydfrin (Alcon); Neo-Synephrine (Sterling Health U.S.A.); Nostril (Boehringer Ingelheim);Fenox;Forte;Isopto;Minims;Visadron.

General Description

(Neo-Synephrine, a prototypical selectivedirect-acting 1-agonist) differs from E only inlacking a p-OH group. It is orally active, and its DOA isabout twice that of E because it lacks the catechol moietyand thus is not metabolized by COMT. However, its oralbioavailability is less than 10% because of its hydrophilicproperties (log P=0.3), intestinal 3 -O-glucuronidation/sulfation and metabolism by MAO. Lacking the p-OHgroup, it is less potent than E and NE but it is a selectiveα1-agonist and thus a potent vasoconstrictor. It is usedsimilarly to metaraminol and methoxamine for hypotension.Another use is in the treatment of severe hypotensionresulting from either shock or drug administration. It alsohas widespread use as a nonprescription nasal decongestantin both oral and topical preparations. When applied tomucous membranes, it reduces congestion and swelling byconstricting the blood vessels of the membranes. In theeye, it is used to dilate the pupil and to treat open-angleglaucoma. In addition, it is used in spinal anesthesia toprolong the anesthesia and to prevent a drop in blood pressureduring the procedure. It is relatively nontoxic and produceslittle CNS stimulation. Metaraminol is just anotherexample.

Clinical Use

Phenylephrine is a potent direct-acting α1-agonist with clinical effects similar to those of noradrenaline. It causes widespread vasoconstriction with an increase in arterial pressure, reflex bradycardia and decrease in cardiac output. It may be administered by i.v. bolus (50–100μg boluses) and i.v. infusion (50–150μgmin –1) to maintain arterial pressure during general anaesthesia or other causes of low SVR. It may also be used topically as a nasal decongestant or mydriatic. There is some evidence suggesting a paradoxical reduction in cerebral oxygen delivery.

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, and intraduodenal routes. Human systemic effects by ocular route: blood pressure increase. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. A nasal decongestant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Synthesis

Phenylephrine, 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylaminoethanol (11.1.16), which differs from epinephrine, in that it does not have a hydroxyl group at C4 of the aromatic ring, is synthesized by an analogous scheme of making epinephrine; however, instead of using ω-chloro-3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, ω-chloro-3-dihydroxyacetophenone is used [11,22,23].

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

Phenylephrine has been used to treat hypotension and shock (after adequate volume replacement), but many clinicians prefer to use an agent that also has cardiostimulatory properties. Phenylephrine is recommended for use to treat hypotension secondary to drug overdoses or idiosyncratic hypotensive reactions to drugs such as phenothiazines, adrenergic blocking agents, and ganglionic blockers. Its use to treat hypotension resulting from barbiturate or other CNS depressant agents is controversial. Phenylephrine has been used to increase blood pressure to terminate attacks of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, particularly when the patient is also hypotensive. Phenylephrine has been used to both treat hypotension and prolong the effects of spinal anesthesia.
Ophthalmic uses of phenylephrine include use for some diagnostic eye examinations, reducing posterior synechiae formation, and relieving pain associated with complicated uveitis. It has been applied intranasally in an attempt to reduce nasal congestion.

in vitro

in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, 50 μm l-phenylephrine treatment could protect cells from apoptosis induced by hypoxia (95% n2 and 5% co2) and serum deprivation through α-adrenergic receptor stimulation [2]. besides, in neural progenitor cells (npcs), 10 μm l-phenylephrine could increase npcs proliferation by approximately 160% [3]. furthermore, in cultured rat neonatal cms (ncms), l-phenylephrine could increase cross-sectional area, and significantly increase il-6 mrna levels, while decreasing pgc1α mrna levels [4].

in vivo

studies in sprague-dawley male rats found that, local infiltration of l-phenylephrine could induce cutaneous anesthesia in a dose dependent manner, which could be significantly inhibited by α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists [5].

target

adrenergic α1a receptor

References

[1] lomasney j w, cotecchia s, lorenz w, et al. molecular cloning and expression of the cdna for the alpha 1a-adrenergic receptor. the gene for which is located on human chromosome 5.[j]. journal of biological chemistry, 1991, 266(10): 6365-6369.
[2] zhu h, mcelweewitmer s, perrone m, et al. phenylephrine protects neonatal rat cardiomyocytes from hypoxia and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis.[j]. cell death & differentiation, 2000, 7(9): 773-784.
[3] hiramoto t, ihara y, watanabe y, et al. α-1 adrenergic receptors stimulation induces the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in vitro[j]. neuroscience letters, 2006, 408(1): 25-28.
[4] planavila a, redondo i, hondares e, et al. fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against cardiac hypertrophy in mice[j]. nature communications, 2013.
[5] shieh j, chu c, wang j, et al. epinephrine, phenylephrine, and methoxamine induce infiltrative anesthesia via α1-adrenoceptors in rats[j]. acta pharmacologica sinica, 2009, 30(9): 1227-1236.
[6] hatton r c, winterstein a g, mckelvey r p, et al. efficacy and safety of oral phenylephrine: systematic review and meta-analysis[j]. annals of pharmacotherapy, 2007, 41(3): 381-390.

Phenylephrine Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

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Phenylephrine Suppliers

J & K SCIENTIFIC LTD.
Tel
010-82848833 400-666-7788
Fax
86-10-82849933
Email
jkinfo@jkchemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
94657
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76
Meryer (Shanghai) Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
021-61259108 18621169109
Fax
86-21-61259102
Email
market03@meryer.com
Country
China
ProdList
40228
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3B Pharmachem (Wuhan) International Co.,Ltd.
Tel
821-50328103-801 18930552037
Fax
86-21-50328109
Email
3bsc@sina.com
Country
China
ProdList
15839
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TCI (Shanghai) Development Co., Ltd.
Tel
021-67121386
Fax
021-67121385
Email
Sales-CN@TCIchemicals.com
Country
China
ProdList
24529
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81
Energy Chemical
Tel
021-021-58432009 400-005-6266
Fax
021-58436166
Email
sales8178@energy-chemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
44688
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LGM Pharma
Tel
1-(800)-881-8210
Fax
615-250-9817
Email
inquiries@lgmpharma.com
Country
United States
ProdList
2123
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70
Daicel Chiral Technologies (China)CO.,LTD
Tel
021-50460086-9 15921403865
Fax
+86-21-50462321
Email
han_yajun@dctc.daicel.com
Country
China
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Shanghai Holy Biohemdeviser Co., Ltd
Tel
021-61551100
Fax
021-61551100
Country
China
ProdList
444
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57
Beijing HuaMeiHuLiBiological Chemical
Tel
010-56205725
Fax
010-65763397
Email
waley188@sohu.com
Country
China
ProdList
12335
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58
Shanghai T&W Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Tel
+86 21 61551611
Fax
+86 21 50676805
Country
China
ProdList
9891
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58
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View Lastest Price from Phenylephrine manufacturers

WUHAN FORTUNA CHEMICAL CO., LTD
Product
Phenylephrine 59-42-7
Price
US $0.00/Kg/Bag
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
99.0%~100.5%; EP9.0
Supply Ability
1000kg/month
Release date
2021-06-03
Zhuozhou Wenxi import and Export Co., Ltd
Product
Phenylephrine 59-42-7
Price
US $15.00-10.00/KG
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
99%+ HPLC
Supply Ability
Monthly supply of 1 ton
Release date
2021-08-11
Career Henan Chemical Co
Product
phenylephrine 59-42-7
Price
US $1.00/KG
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
98% HPLC
Supply Ability
10Tons
Release date
2020-02-18

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