THYMOQUINONE Property

Melting point:

45-47 °C(lit.)

Boiling point:

230-232 °C(lit.)

Density 

1.0326 (rough estimate)

refractive index 

1.5155 (estimate)

Flash point:

219 °F

storage temp. 

Sealed in dry,Room Temperature

solubility 

Chloroform (Slightly, Heated), Ethanol (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)

form 

Solid

color 

Light Orange to Dark Yellow

Stability:

Light Sensitive

LogP

2.200

CAS DataBase Reference

490-91-5(CAS DataBase Reference)

EPA Substance Registry System

2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)- (490-91-5)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

22-36/37/38

Safety Statements 

26-36

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

GU5330000

HS Code 

29146990

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H315Causes skin irritation

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H335May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

THYMOQUINONE Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Thymoquinone is an allergen In different cedar species.

Chemical Properties

orange to brown crystals

Uses

Thymoquinone is a phytochemical compound found in the plant Nigella sativa. Thymoquinone has antioxidant effects and has been shown to protect against heart, liver and kidney damage in animal studies, as well as having possible anti-cancer effects. Thymoquinone also has analgesic and anticonvulsant effects in animal models. Thymoquinone is an angiogenesis inhibitor. An IRAK1 inhibitor with in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities. Dyes and metabolites.

Definition

ChEBI: Thymoquinone is a member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant, an adjuvant, an antineoplastic agent, a cardioprotective agent, an antidepressant and a plant metabolite.

Contact allergens

Thymoquinone is an allergen in different cedar species, Cupressaceae family, such as incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens Florin) used for pencils, chests or toys, and western cedar (Thuja plicata Donn.) as used for hard real- izations such as construction or boats.

Anticancer Research

The black cumin (Nigella sativa) that has a long history of medicinal use contains aphytochemical called thymoquinone (2-methyl-5-isopropyl-1,4-benzoquinone)(Padhye et al. 2008; Khan et al. 2011). In the regions of Southeastern Asia, Africa,Arab and the Mediterranean, the black cumin seeds have a notable history in traditionalmedicine practices. In ancient Egypt, Greece and Turkey, black cumin seedswere often used to treat many diseases and ailments (Padhye et al. 2008; Salih et al.2009; Khan et al. 2011; Ahmad et al. 2013). The Nigella sativa plant seeds and oilare used for medicinal purposes, and they are known for their hepatoprotective,renal-protective, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, antihypertensive, analgesic,anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, spasmolytic, gastro-protective, bronchodilativeand antioxidant activities (Salih et al. 2009; Khan et al. 2011; Ahmad et al.2013). Recently, Barkat et al. (2017) reported that administration of thymoquinoneto MDA-MB-231 acts on cell cycle and inhibits progression from G1 to S phase bytargeting the cell cycle-related proteins such as cyclin D1, cyclin E and p27. It alsoexhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory effects, targets p21 and Maspin andinduces pro-apoptotic gene, Bax, and downregulates anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2(Barkat et al. 2017).
Thymoquinone is the primary bioactive constituent of seed oil of Nigella sativa. It is a chemopreventiveagent and suppresses the proliferation of breast, colorectal, leukemia, osteosarcoma,ovarian, and pancreatic cancer cells. It suppresses TNF-inducedactivationof NF-κB in a time- and dose-dependent manner and the subsequent inhibition ofIκBα kinase activation, IκBα degradation, phosphorylation, p65 nuclear translocation,and phosphorylation. It specifically suppresses the nuclear p65 and recombinantp65 direct binding to DNA. It also downregulates the expression ofNF-κB-regulated antiapoptotic (survivin, IAP1, Bcl-xL, XIAP IAP2, Bcl-2), proliferative(cyclin D1, c-myc, and COX-2), and angiogenic (VEGF and MMP-9) geneproducts. It suppresses the activation of ERK and AKT pathways and blocks in vitroand in vivo angiogenesis (Aggarwal et al. 2008).

Anticancer Research

Thymoquinone acts on cell cycleand inhibits progression from G1 toS phase by targeting the cellcycle-related proteins such as cyclinD1, cyclin E and p27.It also exhibits histone deacetylase(HDAC) inhibitory effects andtargets p21 and Maspin.Induces pro-apoptotic gene, Bax,and downregulates anti-apoptoticgene Bcl-2
Barkat et al.(2017)