Indium chloride Property

Melting point:

262 °C (dec.)(lit.)

Boiling point:

300°C

Density 

3.46 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

vapor pressure 

1Pa at 25℃

Flash point:

300°C subl.

storage temp. 

Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature

solubility 

Water (Slightly)

form 

powder

color 

White to off-white

Specific Gravity

3.46

Water Solubility 

reacts

Sensitive 

Hygroscopic

Crystal Structure

AlCl3 type

crystal system

Monoclinic

Merck 

14,4958

Space group

C2/m

Lattice constant

a/nm	b/nm	c/nm	α/o	β/o	γ/o	V/nm3
0.641	1.11	0.631	90	109.8	90	0.422

Exposure limits

ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
NIOSH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3

Stability:

hygroscopic

InChIKey

PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K

LogP

5.9 at 22℃

CAS DataBase Reference

10025-82-8(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Indium trichloride(10025-82-8)

EPA Substance Registry System

Indium chloride (InCl3) (10025-82-8)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

C

Risk Statements 

36/37/38-34-29-22

Safety Statements 

26-36/37/39-45

RIDADR 

UN 3260 8/PG 2

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

NL1400000

F 

3-10

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

8

PackingGroup 

III

HS Code 

28273990

Hazardous Substances Data

10025-82-8(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

MLD s.c. in rats: 10.2 mg/kg; MLD i.v. in rabbits: 0.64 mg/kg, McCord et al., J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 24, 243 (1942)

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H314Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

H372Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

H412Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P260Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

P314Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.

Indium chloride Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Indium chloride is a useful catalyst for aqueous organic reactions including C-C bond formation, aldol reaction, Friedel-Crafts acylation, Diels-Alder reaction and reduction1-4. It is an efficient, mild, Lewis acid for organic synthesis. It is an efficient catalyst for thioacetalization and its chemoselectivity. It can also catalyze the enantioselective ring-opening of meso-aziridines with thiols. Moreover, it can act as a highly efficient catalyst in water for the preparation of furyl glycosides.

Chemical Properties

white crystalline powder
Hygroscopic. Decomposes in water to InCl3 and In. M.p. 235°C; decomposes below the m.p., apparently to InCl3 and InCl; b.p. ~570°C; d 3.65. Rhombic crystals.

Uses

Indium chloride is used as catalyst for aqueous organic reactions including C-C bond formation, aldol reactions, and reductions and for organic synthesis. In electroplating using a solution of the salt with dextrose and NaCN.

Production Methods

According to Klemm, metallic In is oxidized in InCl3 in a stream of Cl2, which has been carefully dried with concentrated H2SO4 and P2O5. A thoroughly dried quartz apparatus whose components have been fused or connected by ground joints is used. Chlorination proceeds rather vigorously at first, with a pale glow, and it proceeds through the mono- and dichloride steps. These compounds are melts. The end product of the chlorination, InCl3, sublimes around 600°C as lustrous spangles which appear on the walls of the receiver. The Indium chloride (LnCl3) may be purified by subliming in a stream of N2 (or CO2) to which some Cl2 has been added. The sublimate can cool in a stream of inert, Cl2-free gas to remove excess chlorine.

General Description

Indiumchloride (InCl₃) is an indium halide that is a Lewis acid in a variety of organic reactions.

Purification Methods

The anhydrous salt forms yellow deliquescent crystals which can be sublimed at 600o in the presence of Cl2/N2 (1:1) [does not melt]. It is resublimed in the presence of Cl2/N2 (1:10) and finally heated to 150o to expel excess Cl2. It is soluble in H2O and should be stored in a tightly closed container. [Baxter & Alter J Am Chem Soc 55 1943 1933.]