3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole Property

Melting point:

150-153 °C(lit.)

Boiling point:

144.35°C (rough estimate)

Density 

1.138

vapor pressure 

<0.1 hPa (20 °C)

refractive index 

1.6260 (estimate)

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

solubility 

280g/l

form 

Powder or Flakes

pka

11.14±0.20(Predicted)

color 

White to off-white or yellow

PH

6.4-7.4 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Water Solubility 

280 g/L (20 ºC)

Merck 

14,489

BRN 

107687

Exposure limits

NIOSH REL: TWA 0.2 mg/m3; ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.2 mg/m3.

Stability:

Stable. Incompatible with iron, copper, aluminium, acids, alkalies, strong oxidizing agents, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides. Forms chelates with some metals. Moisture sensitive.

LogP

-0.860

CAS DataBase Reference

61-82-5(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

3-Amino-s-triazole(61-82-5)

IARC

3 (Vol. 79, Sup 7) 2001

EPA Substance Registry System

Amitrole (61-82-5)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xn,N,T

Risk Statements 

48/22-51/53-63-40-61

Safety Statements 

13-36/37-61-45-53

RIDADR 

UN 3077 9/PG 3

OEB

C

OEL

TWA: 0.2 mg/m3

WGK Germany 

2

RTECS 

XZ3850000

Autoignition Temperature

>225 °C

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

9

PackingGroup 

III

HS Code 

29339990

Hazardous Substances Data

61-82-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 in mice, rats (g/kg): 14.7, 25.0 orally (Krller)

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H315Causes skin irritation

H319Causes serious eye irritation

Precautionary statements

P202Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

P308+P313IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.

3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

white powder or crystals

Chemical Properties

Amitrole is a colorless to off-white crystalline solid or white powder. Odorless when pure.

Uses

Nonselective, foliage-applied, systemic, triazole herbicide used in uncropped land and orchards to control certain grasses and to kill annual and perennial grasses and weeds. It is also effective on poison ivy, poison oak and aquatic weeds

Uses

catalase inhibitor

Uses

Herbicide; plant regulator.

Production Methods

3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole（Amitrole） is synthesized by condensing formic acid with aminoguanidine and can be purified by recrystallization from methanol.

Definition

A powerful plant growth suppressant and cotton defoliant that is readily absorbed by leaves and roots. 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole inhibits many aspects of growth and differentiation including cell division in the primary root meristems in some plants.

General Description

Odorless white crystals or white powder. Bitter taste. Melting point 147-159°C. Sublimes undecomposed at reduced pressure. Used as a post-emergence herbicide.

Air & Water Reactions

Water soluble. Aqueous solutions are neutral. Dust may form an explosive mixture in air.

Reactivity Profile

3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole is a triazole derivative. The triazoles are a group that contain several derivatives that are highly explosive materials. They are sensitive to heat, friction, and impact. Sensitivity varies with the type substitution to the triazole ring. Metal chelated and halogen substitution of the triazol ring make for a particularly heat sensitive material. Azido and nitro derivatives have been employed as high explosives. No matter the derivative these materials should be treated as explosives. It forms chelates with some metals. 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole is corrosive to iron, copper and aluminum. Forms salts with most acids and alkalis. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong acids, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides .

Hazard

Toxic; carcinogen.

Health Hazard

Amitrole (3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole) has low acute toxicity; in experimental animal studies subchronic exposures were associated with changes in the thyroid and chronic exposures were carcinogenic.
Intentional ingestion of a mixture that contained 20 mg/kg amitrole did not cause any signs of intoxication.1 In one reported case study, inhalation of a large amount of amitrolecontaining herbicide was associated with acute toxic reaction of the lungs.2 Lung injury was thought to be secondary to direct toxic damage to the alveolar lining cells. The remarkable lack of any other reports describing pulmonary toxicity of this herbicide was noted, in addition to the presence of other chemicals in the herbicide solution.

Fire Hazard

Literature sources indicate that Triazol-3-amine is non-combustible.

Agricultural Uses

Herbicide, Plant growth regulator: A non-food use herbicide for control of grasses, woody plants and broad-leaf weeds on hard surface and in areas where crops are not normally grown.

Trade name

AMITRIL®; ATLAZIN®; ATLAZINE® FLOWABLE; AT®; 3-AT®; AT-90®; ATRAFLOW PLUS®; AZAPLANT®; AZAPLANT KOMBI®; AZOLAN®; AZOLE®; BOROFLOW® A/ATA; CAMPAPRIM® A 1544; CDA SIMFLOW PLUS®; CHIPMAN® PATH; CYTROLE®; DIUROL® AMITROLE; DOMATOL®; ELMASIL®; EMISOL®; FARMCO®; HERBAZIN PLUS SC®; HERBICIDE® TOTAL; MASCOT HIGHWAY®; MSS AMINOTRIAZOLE®; MSS SIMAZINE®; ORGA-414®; RADOXONE® TL; RAMIZOL®; RASSAPRON®; SIMAZOL®; SIMFLOW PLUS®; SOLUTION CNCENTREE T271®; SYNCHEMICALS® TOTAL WEED KILLER; SYNTOX®; TORAPRON®; VOROX®; WEEDAR®; WEEDAZIN®; WEEDAZOL TL ®; WEEDOCLOR®

Biochem/physiol Actions

BTK (also known as Bruton tyrosine kinase) plays a crucial role in B-lymphocyte differentiation and activation. BTK interacts with SRC homology 3 domains of FYN, LYN and HCK that are activated upon stimulation of B- and T-cell receptors.Defects in the BTK gene cause Agammaglobulinemia, an X-linked immunodeficiency characterized by failure to produce mature B lymphocyte cells and associated with a failure of Ig heavy chain rearrangement. The unique role of BTK makes it a desirable target for potential anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral agents as well as other treatments.

Safety Profile

Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, tumorigenic, and neoplastigenic data. Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx,. An herbicide and plant growth regulator

Potential Exposure

A potential danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation, and application of this postemergence herbicide, which is now limited to noncrop applications as a herbicide and plant growth regulator. Some triazoles have been used as rubber components.

Carcinogenicity

Amitrole is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

Environmental Fate

Soil. When radiolabeled amitrole-5-14C was incubated in a Hagerstown silty clay loam, 50 and 70% of the applied amount evolved as 14CO2 after 3 and 20 days, respectively. In autoclaved soil, however, no 14CO2 was detected. The chemical degradation in soil was probably via hydroxyl radicals (Kaufman et al., 1968). The average persistence in soils is 2–4 weeks (Hartley and Kidd, 1987)
Plant.Amitrole is transformed in plants to form the conjugate β-(3-amino-1,2,4-triazol- 1-yl)-α-alanine (Humburg et al., 1989) and/or 3-(3-amino-s-triazole-1-yl)-2-aminopropionic acid (Duke et al., 1991). Amitrole is metabolized in Canada thistl
Surface Water. In pond water, adsorption to suspended sediments was an important process. The initial half-life was reported to be no more than 68 days. After 120 days, 20% of the applied amount remained (Grzenda et al., 1966). The biodegradation
Photolytic. Direct photolysis of amitrole is not expected to occur since the herbicide shows little or no absorption greater than 295 nm (Gore et al., 1971)
Chemical/Physical. Reacts with acids and bases forming soluble salts (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987); however, incineration with polyethylene results in more than 9

Shipping

UN2588 Pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.

Purification Methods

It crystallises from EtOH (charcoal), then three times from dioxane [Williams et al. J Phys Chem 61 261 1957]. [Beilstein 26 H 137.] Possible carcinogen. [Beilstein 26 H 137, Temple & Montgomery 1,2,4-Triazoles —The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds Vol 37 (Weissberger & Taylor eds.). Wiley & Sons NY 1981, ISBN 0-471-0656-6.]

Incompatibilities

Dust may be explosive in air. Keep away from strong oxidizers; strong acids; light and heat (decomposes). Corrosive to iron, aluminum, and copper. Sublimes undecomposed at reduced pressure.

Waste Disposal

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Amitrol is resistant to hydrolysis and the action of oxidizing agents. Burning the compound with polyethylene is reported to result in .99% decomposition.