1-Pentene Property

Melting point:

-165 °C

Boiling point:

29.9-30.1 °C (lit.)

Density 

0.641 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

vapor density 

2.4 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

10.27 psi ( 20 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.371(lit.)

Flash point:

−20 °F

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

alcohol: miscible(lit.)

form 

Liquid

pka

>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)

Specific Gravity

0.64

color 

Clear colorless

Odor

Like gasoline.

Odor Threshold

0.1ppm

explosive limit

8.7%

Water Solubility 

0.15 g/L (20 ºC)

Merck 

14,7122

BRN 

1731629

Henry's Law Constant

0.406 at 25 °C (Hine and Mookerjee, 1975)

Dielectric constant

2.1（20℃）

Stability:

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Highly flammable - readily forms explosive mixtures with air.

LogP

2.4-2.66 at 25℃

CAS DataBase Reference

109-67-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

1-Pentene(109-67-1)

EPA Substance Registry System

1-Pentene (109-67-1)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

F+,Xn,F,Xi

Risk Statements 

12-52/53-65

Safety Statements 

61-62-16

RIDADR 

UN 1108 3/PG 1

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

SB2179000

Autoignition Temperature

522 °F

Hazard Note 

Irritant/Extremely Flammable/Keep Cold

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

3

PackingGroup 

I

HS Code 

29321900

Hazardous Substances Data

109-67-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H224Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

H304May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways

H315Causes skin irritation

H319Causes serious eye irritation

Precautionary statements

P210Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

P403+P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.

1-Pentene Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

1-Pentene, C5H10, is a flammable liquid with specific gravity 0.641. It occurs in coal tar and in petroleum cracking mixtures, and polymerizes on extended periods of storage (15, 320).

Physical properties

Clear, colorless, volatile, very flammable liquid with a disagreeable odor. An odor threshold concentration of 10 ppb_v was determined by a triangular odor bag method (Nagata and Takeuchi, 1990).

Uses

1-Pentene is used in the preparation of d-xylitol, l-arabinitol and hydrazones of substituted salicylaldehydes. It is also used as a blending agent for of high-octane gasoline. It reacts with p-toluenesulfinate to yield 1-(2-iodo-pentane-1-sulfonyl)-4-methyl-benzene. It is also involved in Gas Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography analysis.

Uses

Blending agent for high octane motor fuel; organic synthesis.

Production Methods

1-Pentene is prepared from allyl bromide and ethyl magnesium bromide in ether or in dipropyl ether.

General Description

Colorless liquid with an odor of gasoline. Flash point -20°F(Aldrich). Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Hence floats on water. Flammable vapor is produced. Boiling point 86°F.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

1-Pentene may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. May undergo exothermic polymerization reactions in the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators.

Health Hazard

Acts as a simple asphyxiant or weak anesthetic in high vapor concentrations. Similar to effects caused by gasoline vapors.

Fire Hazard

Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode in fire.

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Potential Exposure

Workers in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants.

Source

Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle-phase organic compounds from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The gas-phase emission rate of 1-pentene was 8.6 mg/kg of pine burned. Emission rates of 1-pentene were not measured during the combustion of oak and eucalyptus.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained 1-pentene at a concentration of 1.48 g/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 0.40 and 51.8 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).

Environmental Fate

Biological. Biooxidation of 1-pentene may occur yielding 4-penten-1-ol, which may oxidize to give 4-pentenoic acid (Dugan, 1972). Washed cell suspensions of bacteria belonging to the genera Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Xanthobacter, and Pseudomonas and growing on selected alkenes metabolized 1-pentene to 1,2-epoxypentane. Mycobacterium sp., growing on ethene, hydrolyzed 1,2-epoxypropane to 1,2-propanediol (Van Ginkel et al., 1987).
Photolytic. The following rate constants were reported for the reaction of 1-pentene and OH radicals in the atmosphere: 1.8 x 10^-13 cm³/molecule?sec at 300 K (Hendry and Kenley, 1979); 3.14 x 10^-11 cm³/molecule?sec (Atkinson, 1990). Atkinson (1990) also reported a photooxidation rate constant of 1.10 x 10^-17 cm³/molecule?sec for the reaction of 1-pentene and ozone.
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water.

Shipping

UN1108 1-Pentene, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid

Incompatibilities

Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Excessive heat may cause polymerization. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, heat. Incompatible with strong reducing agents such as hydrides; oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

Waste Disposal

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.