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Pentane

Product Name
Pentane
CAS No.
109-66-0
Chemical Name
Pentane
Synonyms
N-PENTANE;PETANE;Pentan;1-Pentane;n-C5H12;N-PENTAN;R601;NP80;PENTANE;Pentani
CBNumber
CB6288989
Molecular Formula
C5H12
Formula Weight
72.15
MOL File
109-66-0.mol
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Pentane Property

Melting point:
-130 °C
Boiling point:
36 °C
Density 
0.626 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density 
2.48 (vs air)
vapor pressure 
26.98 psi ( 55 °C)
refractive index 
n20/D 1.358
Flash point:
−57 °F
storage temp. 
Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility 
ethanol: soluble(lit.)
form 
Liquid
pka
>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)
Specific Gravity
0.63
color 
Colorless
Relative polarity
0.009
Odor
Like a gasoline.
Odor Threshold
1.4ppm
explosive limit
1.4-8%(V)
Water Solubility 
insoluble
λmax
λ: 200 nm Amax: ≤0.70
λ: 210 nm Amax: ≤0.20
λ: 220 nm Amax: ≤0.07
λ: 230 nm Amax: ≤0.02
λ: 250 nm Amax: ≤0.004
Merck 
14,7116
BRN 
969132
Henry's Law Constant
1.20 at 25 °C (J?nsson et al., 1982)
Exposure limits
TLV-TWA 600 ppm (~1800 mg/m3) (ACGIH), 1000 ppm (~3000 mg/m3) (OSHA), 500 ppm (~1500 mg/m3) (MSHA); STEL 750 ppm (~2250 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
Dielectric constant
1.8(20℃)
InChIKey
OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP
3.390
CAS DataBase Reference
109-66-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
Pentane(109-66-0)
EPA Substance Registry System
Pentane (109-66-0)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
F+,Xn,N,F
Risk Statements 
12-51/53-65-66-67
Safety Statements 
9-16-29-33-61-62
RIDADR 
UN 1265 3/PG 2
WGK Germany 
2
RTECS 
RZ9450000
3-10
Autoignition Temperature
500 °F
TSCA 
Yes
HazardClass 
3
PackingGroup 
II
HS Code 
29011090
Hazardous Substances Data
109-66-0(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
LC (in air) in mice: 377 mg/l (Fühner)
IDLA
1,500 ppm [10% LEL]
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements

H225Highly Flammable liquid and vapour

H304May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways

H336May cause drowsiness or dizziness

H411Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P210Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
PX0170
Product name
Pentane
Packaging
4L
Price
$318
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
PX0170
Product name
Pentane
Packaging
20L
Price
$1390
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
PX0170
Product name
Pentane
Packaging
127kg
Price
$4100
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
PX0167
Product name
Pentane
Purity
OmniSolv?
Packaging
4L
Price
$453
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
8.20957
Product name
n-Pentane
Purity
EMPLURA?
Packaging
1L
Price
$126
Updated
2024/03/01
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Pentane Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

Pentane is a colorless liquid. Gas above 36C. Gasoline-like odor.

Chemical Properties

n-Pentane is a flammable liquid. It has applications in industry as an aerosol propellant and as an important component of engine fuel.

pentane lewis structure
N-propane is a CNS depressant. Studies with dogs have indicated that it induces cardiac sensitization. In high concentrations it causes incoordination and inhibition of the righting refl exes.
N-pentane is being used primarily in Europe in integral-skin flexible foams. Pentane is twice as effective as CFC-11 as a blowing agent.

Physical properties

Clear, colorless, volatile liquid with an odor resembling gasoline. An odor threshold concentration of 1.4 ppmv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

Uses

n-Pentane occurs in volatile petroleum fractions(gasoline) and as a constituent ofpetroleum ether. It is used as a solvent, in themanufacture of low-temperature thermometers,and as a blowing agent for plastics.

Uses

n-Pentane is a flammable liquid. It has diverse uses in industry—for instance, as an aerosol propellant and as an important component of engine fuel. n-Pentane is a CNS depressant. Laboratory studies in dogs indicate that prolonged exposure to high concentrations of n-pentane induces cardiac sensitization, poor coordination, and inhibition of the righting reflexes. NIOSH has recommended limits of n-pentane for working areas.

Uses

Fuel; solvent; chemical synthesis

Production Methods

Pentane is produced by fractional distillation of natural gas liquids and crude oil. It is also produced by the catalytic crackdown of naphtha.

Definition

A straightchain alkane obtained by distillation of crude oil.

Definition

pentane: A straight-chain alkanehydrocarbon, C5H12; r.d. 0.63; m.p.–129.7°C; b.p. 36.1°C. It is obtainedby distillation of petroleum.

General Description

A clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point 57°F. Boiling point 97°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors are heavier than air.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Pentane is incompatible with strong oxidizers. Pentane is also incompatible with strong acids, alkalis, and oxygen. Mixtures with chlorine gas have produced explosions. Pentane will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings. .

Health Hazard

n-Pentane did not exhibit any marked toxicityin animals. However, inhalation ofits vapors at high concentrations can causenarcosis and irritation of the respiratorypassages. Such effects may be observedwithin the range 5–10% concentration inair. In humans, inhalation of 5000 ppm for10 minutes did not cause respiratory tractirritation or other symptoms (Patty and Yant1929).
There is no report in the literature indicatingany adverse effects from pentaneother than narcosis and irritation. An intravenousLD50 value in mouse is recorded as446 mg/kg (NIOSH 1986).

Fire Hazard

Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode

Flammability and Explosibility

Extremely flammable

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by inhalation and intravenous routes. Narcotic in high concentration. The liquid can cause blisters on contact. Flammable liquid. Highly dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Severe explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Shock can shatter metal containers and release contents. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes

Potential Exposure

Pentane is used in manufacture of ice, low-temperature thermometers; in solvent extraction processes; as a blowing agent in plastics; as a fuel; as a chemical intermediate (for amylchlorides, e.g.).

Source

Schauer et al. (1999) reported pentane in a diesel-powered medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 1,860 μg/km.
A constituent in gasoline. Harley et al. (2000) analyzed the headspace vapors of three grades of unleaded gasoline where ethanol was added to replace methyl tert-butyl ether. The gasoline vapor concentrations of pentane in the headspace were 14.2 wt % for regular grade, 12.6 wt % for midgrade, and 9.3 wt % for premium grade.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained pentane at a concentration of 27.6 g/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 4.29 and 536 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).
Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle-phase organic compounds from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The gas-phase emission rate of pentane was 4.7 mg/kg of pine burned. Emission rates of pentane were not measured during the combustion of oak and eucalyptus.

Environmental Fate

Biological. n-Pentane may biodegrade in two ways. The first is the formation of pentyl hydroperoxide, which decomposes to 1-pentanol followed by oxidation to pentanoic acid. The other pathway involves dehydrogenation to 1-pentene, which may react with water giving 1- pentanol (Dugan, 1972). Microorganisms can oxidize alkanes under aerobic conditions (Singer and Finnerty, 1984). The most common degradative pathway involves the oxidation of the terminal methyl group forming 1-pentanol. The alcohol may undergo a series of dehydrogenation steps forming an aldehyde (valeraldehyde) then a fatty acid (valeric acid). The fatty acid may then be metabolized by β-oxidation to form the mineralization products, carbon dioxide and water (Singer and Finnerty, 1984). Mycobacterium smegnatis was capable of degrading pentane to 2- pentanone (Riser-Roberts, 1992).
Photolytic. When synthetic air containing gaseous nitrous acid and pentane was exposed to artificial sunlight (λ = 300–450 nm) methyl nitrate, pentyl nitrate, peroxyacetal nitrate, and peroxypropionyl nitrate formed as products (Cox et al., 1980).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water. Pentane will not hydrolyze because it does not contain a hydrolyzable functional group.

Shipping

UN1265 Pentanes Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Purification Methods

Stir the pentane with successive portions of conc H2SO4 until there is no further coloration during 12hours, then with 0.5N KMnO4 in 3M H2SO4 for 12hours, wash with water and aqueous NaHCO3. Dry it with MgSO4 or Na2SO4, then P2O5 and fractionally distil it through a column packed with glass helices. It is also purified by passage through a column of silica gel, followed by distillation and storage with sodium hydride. An alternative purification is by azeotropic distillation with MeOH, which is subsequently washed out from the distillate (using water), followed by drying and re-distilling. For removal of carbonyl-containing impurities, see n-heptane. Also purify it by fractional freezing (ca 40%) on a copper coil through which cold air is passed, then wash with conc H2SO4 and fractionally distil it. [Beilstein 1 IV 303.]

Toxicity evaluation

The mechanism of toxicity is suspected to be similar to other solvents that rapidly induce anesthesia-like effects, that is a ‘nonspecific narcosis’ due to disruption (solvation) of the integrity of the cellular membranes of the central nervous system. The effect is similar to the ‘high’ experienced upon exposure to other aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents.
As seen with other short-chain alkanes, upon inhalation, pentane is moderately toxic and may cause irritation of the respiratory tract and narcosis. The narcotic action of pentane (observed following 1-h exposure to 90 000–120 000 ppm) is, however, much less pronounced than effects seen following exposure to the C1–C4 alkanes. Although the actual biochemical mechanismof toxicity has not been discerned, the narcotic effects seen are most likely related to its physical solvent properties.

Incompatibilities

Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Attacks some plastics, rubbers, and coatings.

Waste Disposal

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

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Pentane Suppliers

Shanghai Chemisci Technology Co., Ltd
Tel
021-58690851 15690882017
Email
1877080091@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
7992
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58
Tianjin Biaoshiqi Technology Development Co. , Ltd.
Tel
022-58951770 18622980460
Email
974144341@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
18
Advantage
58
lishuohuagong
Tel
0533-15053312-575 15053312575
Email
3034942636@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
267
Advantage
58
Shandong Xuchen Chemical Technology Co. Ltd
Tel
0533-13853380-763 13853380763
Email
3523649491@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
329
Advantage
58
Shandong Jinhe Chemical Co., Ltd
Tel
18369966633
Email
81505319@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
166
Advantage
58
Meryer (Shanghai) Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
4006608290; 18621169109
Fax
86-21-61259102
Email
market03@meryer.com
Country
China
ProdList
40241
Advantage
62
Alfa Aesar
Tel
400-6106006
Fax
021-67582001/03/05
Email
saleschina@alfa-asia.com
Country
China
ProdList
30132
Advantage
84
TCI (Shanghai) Development Co., Ltd.
Tel
021-67121386
Fax
021-67121385
Email
Sales-CN@TCIchemicals.com
Country
China
ProdList
24539
Advantage
81
Beijing dtftchem Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
010-60275820 13031183356
Fax
010-60270825
Email
elainezt@sina.com
Country
China
ProdList
1392
Advantage
62
BeiJing Hwrk Chemicals Limted
Tel
0757-86329057 18501085097
Fax
010-89508210
Email
sales3.gd@hwrkchemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
6471
Advantage
55
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View Lastest Price from Pentane manufacturers

Hebei Duling International Trade Co. LTD
Product
Pentane 109-66-0
Price
US $20.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
5000 Ton
Release date
2023-03-15
Hebei Guanlang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Product
Pentane 109-66-0
Price
US $1.00/PCS
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
10 mt
Release date
2021-06-28

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