Sucralose

Sucralose Property

Melting point:

115-1018°C

Boiling point:

104-107 C

alpha 

D +68.2° (c = 1.1 in ethanol)

Density 

1.375 g/cm

vapor pressure 

0Pa at 25℃

refractive index 

1.604

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

DMF: 30 mg/ml
DMSO: 30 mg/mlPBS (pH 7.2): 1 mg/ml

form 

Powder

pka

12.52±0.70(Predicted)

color 

White

PH

6-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20°C)

Odor

wh. cryst. powd., odorless, sweet taste

optical activity

[α]/D 86.0±2.0°, c = 1 in H2O

Water Solubility 

Soluble in Water.

Merck 

14,8880

BRN 

3654410

Stability:

Hygroscopic

LogP

-0.51 at 20℃

CAS DataBase Reference

56038-13-2(CAS DataBase Reference)

EPA Substance Registry System

.alpha.-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-.beta.-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy- (56038-13-2)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xi

Risk Statements 

36/37/38

Safety Statements 

26-37/39-24/25

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

LW5440140

HS Code 

2932 14 00

Hazardous Substances Data

56038-13-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 10000 mg/kg

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H315Causes skin irritation

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H335May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P304+P340IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

Sucralose Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Sucralose is the only non-caloric sweetener made from sugar. It is in fact the latest non nutritive sweetener to have been approved by US FDA and other regulatory bodies and have hit the markets .
Sucralose is derived from sugar through a multi-step patented manufacturing process that selectively substitutes three atoms of chlorine for three hydroxyl groups on the sugar molecule. This change produces a sweetener that has no calories, yet is 600 times sweeter than sucrose, making it roughly twice as sweet as saccharin and four times as sweet as aspartame.

Chemical Properties

Sucralose is a white to off-white colored, free-flowing, crystalline powder.

History

In 1975, sucralose was discovered by scientists from Tate & Lyle, working with researchers Leslie Hough and Shashikant Phadnis at Queen Elizabeth College (now part of King's College London). While looking for ways to use sucrose as a chemical intermediate, mixing sulfuryl chloride with sugar, Phadnis was told to "test" a chlorinated sugar compound. According to an anecdotal account, Phadnis thought Hough asked him to "taste" it, so he did and found the compound to be exceptionally sweet.
Sucralose was first approved for use in Canada in 1991. Subsequent approvals came in Australia in 1993, in New Zealand in 1996, in the United States in 1998, and in the European Union in 2004. By 2008, it had been approved in over 80 countries, including Mexico, Brazil, China, India, and Japan. In 2006, the FDA amended the regulations for foods to include sucralose as a "non-nutritive sweetener" in food.

Uses

Sucralose (1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-p-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-oc- D-galactopyra- noside) is a nonnutritive sweetener based on sucrose. It is selectively chlorinated and the glycoside link between the two rings is resistant to hydrolysis by acid or enzymes, so it is not metabolized. It has 400 to 800 times the sweetness of sucrose, is very soluble in water, and is stable in heat. It can be used in food products that are baked or fried.
Sucralose is produced by the selective chlorination of the sucrose molecule using a patented process by Tate and LyIe that replaces the three hydroxyl groups (OH) with three chlorine (Cl) atoms.
This modified sugar is minimally absorbed by the body and passes out unchanged. It was approved for use in foods and beverages in 1999 in the United States.

Uses

A low-calorie artificial sweetener

Uses

antiprotozoal

Uses

High intensity sweetener manufactured by replacing three hydroxyl groups on the sucrose molecule with three chlorine atoms. The results are a sweetener of 0 cal that is not digested. It is 600 times as sweet as sugar with a similar flavor profile. It is heat stable, readily soluble, and maintains its stability at elevated temperatures. It has been approved for use in specific categories that include baked products, beverages, confectioneries, and certain desserts and toppings.

Production Methods

Sucralose may be prepared by a variety of methods that involve the selective substitution of three sucrose hydroxyl groups by chlorine. Sucralose can also be synthesized by the reaction of sucrose (or an acetate) with thionyl chloride.

Definition

ChEBI: A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.

General Description

Certified pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to pharmacopeia primary standards.
Sucralose is a polar, chlorinated sugar synthesized from saccharose precursor. It is widely used as a sweetener in a number of food and beverage products.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Sucralose is used as a sweetening agent in beverages, foods, and pharmaceutical applications. It has a sweetening power approximately 300–1000 times that of sucrose and has no aftertaste. It has no nutritional value, is noncariogenic, does not promote dental caries, and produces no glycemic response.

Biochem/physiol Actions

A synthetic sweet tastant detectable by humans. Activates T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptors on enteroendocrine cells and elicits increased hormonal secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotrophic peptide.

Safety

Sucralose is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material and is approved, in a number of countries, for use in food products. Following oral consumption, sucralose is mainly unabsorbed and is excreted in the feces.
The WHO has set an acceptable daily intake for sucralose of up to 15 mg/kg body-weight.
LD50 (mouse, oral): > 16 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): > 10 g/kg

storage

Sucralose is a relatively stable material. In aqueous solution, at highly acidic conditions (pH < 3), and at high temperatures (≤35℃), it is hydrolyzed to a limited extent, producing 4-chloro-4- deoxygalactose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose. In food products, sucralose remains stable throughout extended storage periods, even at low pH. However, it is most stable at pH 5–6.
Sucralose should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place, at a temperature not exceeding 21℃. Sucralose, when heated at elevated temperatures, may break down with the release of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and minor amounts of hydrogen chloride.

Regulatory Status

The FDA, in April 1998, approved sucralose for use as a tabletop sweetener and as an additive in a variety of food products. In the UK, sucralose was fully authorized for use in food products in 2005. It is also accepted for use in many other countries worldwide. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal Ingredients.

References

[1] SUSAN S SCHIFFMAN K I R. Sucralose, a synthetic organochlorine sweetener: overview of biological issues.[J]. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews, 2013, 16 7: 399-451. DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2013.842523
[2] KNUT ERIK TOLLEFSEN  Duane B H  Luca Nizzetto. Presence, fate and effects of the intense sweetener sucralose in the aquatic environment[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 438: Pages 510-516. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.060