Physical Properties Uses Preparation Reactions
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Phosphorus pentachloride

Physical Properties Uses Preparation Reactions
Product Name
Phosphorus pentachloride
CAS No.
10026-13-8
Chemical Name
Phosphorus pentachloride
Synonyms
PCl5;PHOSPHORUS(V) CHLORIDE;Phosphorous pentachloride;PHOSPHORUS CHLORIDE;pentachlorophosphorane;phosphoricchloride;Fosforpentachloride;Phosphoric chloride;Phosphorus pentachL;pieciochlorekfosforu
CBNumber
CB6423984
Molecular Formula
Cl5P
Formula Weight
208.24
MOL File
10026-13-8.mol
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Phosphorus pentachloride Property

Melting point:
179-181°C (subl.)
Boiling point:
160 °C
Density 
1.6
vapor pressure 
0.016 hPa (20 °C)
storage temp. 
2-8°C
solubility 
Soluble in carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride.
form 
macroporous
Specific Gravity
1.6
color 
Yellow
PH
1 (5g/l, H2O)acidic
Odor
Pungent odour
Water Solubility 
decomposes
Sensitive 
Moisture Sensitive
Merck 
14,7351
Exposure limits
TLV-TWA 0.85 mg/m3 (0.1 ppm) (ACGIH), ~1 mg/m3 (0.1 ppm) (OSHA). .
Dielectric constant
2.8(160℃)
Stability:
Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive
InChIKey
UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference
10026-13-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
Phosphorus pentachloride(10026-13-8)
EPA Substance Registry System
Phosphorus pentachloride (10026-13-8)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
T+
Risk Statements 
14-22-26-34-48/20
Safety Statements 
26-36/37/39-45-7/8
RIDADR 
UN 1806 8/PG 2
OEB
C
OEL
TWA: 1 mg/m3
WGK Germany 
3
RTECS 
TB6125000
3-10
TSCA 
Yes
HazardClass 
8
PackingGroup 
II
HS Code 
28121045
Hazardous Substances Data
10026-13-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
LD50 orally in Rabbit: 660 mg/kg
IDLA
70 mg/m3
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H314Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

H330Fatal if inhaled

H373May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

Precautionary statements

P260Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

P314Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
8.22340
Product name
Phosphorus pentachloride
Purity
for synthesis
Packaging
100g
Price
$51.1
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
8.22340
Product name
Phosphorus pentachloride
Purity
for synthesis
Packaging
500g
Price
$86.1
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
8.22340
Product name
Phosphorus pentachloride
Purity
for synthesis
Packaging
1kg
Price
$145
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
157775
Product name
Phosphorus pentachloride
Purity
reagent grade, 95%
Packaging
1kg
Price
$118
Updated
2024/03/01
Alfa Aesar
Product number
010523
Product name
Phosphorus(V) chloride, 98%
Packaging
100g
Price
$47.2
Updated
2023/06/20
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Phosphorus pentachloride Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Physical Properties

Yellowish-white tetragonal crystals; pungent odor; fumes in air; deliquescent; density 2.1 g/cm3; decomposes on heating; melts at 166.8°C under the pressure of its own vapor(triple point); sublimes at 160°C; critical temperature 373°C; hydrolyzes in water; soluble in carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride.

Uses

Phosphorus pentachloride is used as a chlorinating agent in many organic syntheses, such as production of alkyl and acid chlorides. It also is a catalyst in manufacturing acetylcellulose.

Preparation

Phosphorus pentachloride is prepared by reacting white phosphorus with excess dry chlorine. The white phosphorus is placed over sand in a retort from which air and moisture have been purged. The reaction is indicated by inflaming phosphorus:
P4 + 10Cl2 → 4PCl5
Also, the compound is obtained by reaction of dry chlorine with phosphorus trichloride:
PCl3 + Cl2 → PCl5

Reactions

Phosphorus pentachloride absorbs moisture from air forming phosphoryl chloride:
PCl5 + H2O → POCl3 + 2HCl
The above reaction is difficult to control and progresses to complete hydrolysis. Thus, in the presence of excess water or when treated with water, the pentachloride is hydrolyzed to phosphoric acid:
PCl5 + 4H2O → H3PO4 + 5HCl
Reaction with sulfur dioxide yields thionyl chloride and phosphoryl chloride:
PCl5 + SO2 → SOCl2 + POCl3
Reaction with liquid hydrogen sulfide forms thiophosphoryl chloride, PSCl3:
PCl5 + H2S → PSCl3 + 2HCl
Phosphorus pentachoride converts arsenic to arsenic trichloride:
3PCl5 + 2As → 3AsCl3 + 3PCl3
Reaction with oxalic acid or boric acid yields phosphoryl chloride:
PCl5 + (COOH)2 → POCl3 + CO + CO2 + 2HCl
3PCl5 + 2B(OH)3 → 3POCl3 + B2O3 + 6HCl
Reaction with phosphorus pentoxide produces phosphoryl chloride:
3PCl5 + P2O5 → 5POCl3

Chemical Properties

Phosphorus pentachloride is a pale yellow, fuming solid with an odor like hydrochloric acid.162℃ sublimation and partial decomposition. All decomposed into chlorine gas and phosphorus trichloride at 300℃. Soluble in carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride. Decomposed in water, hydrolyzed in moist air into phosphoric acid and hydrogen chloride, white smoke and special irritating odor occur, strongly irritate the eyes.

Uses

Phosphorus pentachloride is used as a chlorinating agent to convert acids into acid chlorides, as a dehydrating agent, and as a catalyst.

Uses

As catalyst in manufacture of acetylcellulose; for replacing hydroxyl groups by Cl, particularly for converting acids into acid chlorides.

Definition

ChEBI: Phosphorus pentachloride is a phosphorus halide.

General Description

Phosphorus pentachloride is a greenish-yellow crystalline solid with an irritating odor. Phosphorus pentachloride is decomposed by water to form hydrochloric and phosphoric acid and heat. This heat may be sufficient to ignite surrounding combustible material. Phosphorus pentachloride is corrosive to metals and tissue. Long term exposure to low concentrations or short term exposure to high concentrations can result in adverse health effects from inhalation.

Reactivity Profile

Phosphorus pentachloride is a lightly yellow, fuming crystalline material, highly caustic, corrosive and toxic. Flammable by chemical reaction. Violent exothermic reaction with water or steam. When heated to decomposition Phosphorus pentachloride emits highly toxic fumes of chlorides and oxides of phosphorus. Explosive reaction with alkaline metals (sodium, potassium), urea. Ignites on contact with fluorine. Violent reaction with aluminum, chlorine trioxide, hydroxylamine, magnesium oxide, nitrobenzene, phosphorus(III) oxide, potassium. Carbamates form explosive products [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1360]. Reaction with the mixture of chlorine and chlorine dioxide causes explosion [Mellor, 1941, vol. 2, p. 281; 1940, vol. 8, p. 1013].

Health Hazard

Phosphorus pentachloride vapors are a strong irritant to the eyes and mucous membranes. Contact with skin can cause acid burns, as it reacts readily with moisture to form hydrochloric and phosphoric acids:
PCl5+4H2O→ H3PO4+5HCl
Chronic exposure to this compound can result in bronchitis.
LC50 value, inhalation (rats): 205 mg (24 ppm)/m3 (NIOSH 1986).

Flammability and Explosibility

Non flammable

Safety Profile

Poison by inhalation. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A severe eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. Corrosive to body tissues. Flammable by chemical reaction. Explosive reaction with chlorine dioxide + chlorine, sodium, urea + heat. Reacts to form explosive products with carbamates, 3'-methy-2-nitrobenzanilide (product explodes on contact with air). Ignites on contact with fluorine. Reacts violently with moisture, ClO3, hydroxyl- amine, magnesium oxide, nitrobenzene, phosphorus(Ⅲ) oxide, K. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical. Incompatible with aluminum, chlorine dioxide, chlorine,diphosphorus trioxide, fluorine, hydroxylamine, magnesium oxide, 3'-methyl- 2-nitrobenzanilide, nitrobenzene, sodium, urea, water. Will react with water or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes. Used as a catalyst, chlorinating and dehydrating agent. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of Cland POx.

Potential Exposure

Phosphorus pentachloride is used as a as a chlorinating and dehydrating agent and as a catalyst. It is used in the manufacture of agricultural chemicals;chlorinated compounds; gasoline additives, plasticizers and surfactants; and in pharmaceutical manufacture

Shipping

UN1806 Phosphorus pentachloride, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.

Purification Methods

[All operations should be carried out in an efficient fume cupboard.] Sublime it at 160-170o in an atmosphere of chlorine. Excess chlorine is then displaced by dry N2 gas. All subsequent manipulations should be performed in a dry-box [Downs & Johnson J Am Chem Soc 77 2098 1955]. It fumes in moist air and attacks the eyes and the mucous membranes of the nose. It should not be breathed in and has very HARMFUL VAPOURS (wash burning eyes with aqueous NaHCO3).

Incompatibilities

Phosphorus pentachloride is a powerful oxidizer. Reacts with water (violent), magnesium oxide, chemically active metals, such as sodium and potassium, alkalis, amines, carbamates, aluminum powder, combustibles, fluorine, phosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus trioxide, and many other substances. Hydrolyzes in water (even in humid air) to form hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid. Corrosive to many metals, forming flammable and explosive hydrogen gas. Attacks plastic and rubber.

Waste Disposal

Decompose with water, forming phosphoric and hydrochloric acids. Neutralize acids and dilute if necessary for discharge into the sewer system.

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Phosphorus pentachloride Suppliers

hebei crovell biotech Co,.LTD
Tel
19930503252
Email
mia@crovellbio.com
Country
China
ProdList
1459
Advantage
58
Jinan Hui Feng Da chemical Co., LTD.
Tel
13156148719 15554103218
Fax
0531-89702765
Email
jnhuifengda@163.com
Country
China
ProdList
837
Advantage
58
Hebei Clavier Biotechnology Co., LTD
Tel
19930508148
Email
1350255213@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
899
Advantage
58
SHANDONGQIANGSENHUAGONG
Tel
0533-18369966222-222 18369966222
Email
3034942636@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
922
Advantage
58
Hebei Guanlang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Tel
13383116422
Email
3381425553@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
1008
Advantage
58
Hebei Zhuanglai International Trade Co., LTD
Tel
19565659705
Email
2294084516@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
299
Advantage
58
HUIAN DCHEN CHEM CO.,LTD.
Tel
19816093969
Email
343778078@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
14
Advantage
58
Meryer (Shanghai) Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
021-61259108 18621169109
Fax
86-21-61259102
Email
market03@meryer.com
Country
China
ProdList
40228
Advantage
62
Alfa Aesar
Tel
400-6106006
Fax
021-67582001/03/05
Email
saleschina@alfa-asia.com
Country
China
ProdList
30123
Advantage
84
Beijing dtftchem Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
010-60275820 13031183356
Fax
010-60270825
Email
elainezt@sina.com
Country
China
ProdList
1390
Advantage
62
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View Lastest Price from Phosphorus pentachloride manufacturers

Hebei Yanxi Chemical Co., Ltd.
Product
Phosphorus pentachloride 10026-13-8
Price
US $0.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
0.99
Supply Ability
20tons
Release date
2023-10-08
Hebei Chuanghai Biotechnology Co,.LTD
Product
Phosphorus pentachloride 10026-13-8
Price
US $10.70/kg
Min. Order
10kg
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
10000kg
Release date
2024-08-16
Guangzhou Sunton Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Product
phosphorus pentachloride 10026-13-8
Price
US $48.00-40.00/KG
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
200tons
Release date
2021-03-19

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