Fluoroethylene carbonate Property

Melting point:

18-23 °C

Boiling point:

212℃

Density 

1.454

vapor pressure 

51Pa at 25℃

refractive index 

1.3960 to 1.4000

Flash point:

>102°(216°F)

storage temp. 

2-8°C

form 

Liquid

color 

Colorless

Water Solubility 

Slightly miscible with water.

InChI

InChI=1S/C3H3FO3/c4-2-1-6-3(5)7-2/h2H,1H2

InChIKey

SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

O1CC(F)OC1=O

LogP

-0.435 at 20.1℃

CAS DataBase Reference

114435-02-8(CAS DataBase Reference)

EPA Substance Registry System

1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-fluoro- (114435-02-8)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

22-36/38-43-48/22

Safety Statements 

26-36/37

WGK Germany 

1

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

29329990

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H315Causes skin irritation

H317May cause an allergic skin reaction

H319Causes serious eye irritation

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P333+P313IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.

P337+P313IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.

Fluoroethylene carbonate Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is a clear, colorless liquid with a high dielectric constant of 102, higher than that of EC, which helps dissociate lithium salts. Its melting point is about 10 degrees lower than EC. Additionally, the fluorine atoms in its structure help it integrate better into the battery system, improving both battery capacity and low-temperature performance.

Uses

4-Fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one is used as an electrolyte additive in lithium ion batteries. It also enables the formation of thin, smooth and stable passive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which increases the cycling efficiency and discharge capacity retention of the secondary battery. Further, it is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.

Preparation

The preparation of Fluoroethylene carbonate is as follows:Add 114g of liquid ethylene carbonate at 50, 1.14g of palladium acetate (II) and 114g of dry acetonitrile (water 100ppm) to a 500ml Monel reactor containing the monophenyl iodine difluoride prepared in step (1) , Stir at 50°C for 0.5h, raise the temperature to 70°C and react for 5h (the molar ratio of ethylene carbonate to hydrogen fluoride in step (1) is 1.1:2.5, the molar ratio of ethylene carbonate to acetonitrile is 1.1:2.8, palladium acetate (II) The dosage is 1.0% of the mass of ethylene carbonate). The tail gas during the reaction was absorbed by potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 10%. After the reaction, vacuum distillation was carried out under the condition of 3mmHg. The 65-71°C fraction was collected to obtain 103.3g of fluoroethylene carbonate with a GC content of 99.3%. The yield of FEC was 75%.

Application

Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) can be used as organic solvents, synthetic intermediates, pharmaceutical intermediates, electronic chemicals and electrolyte additives, and is mainly used as electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries. FEC can inhibit the decomposition of the electrolyte, and form a tightly bonded improved SEI film on the anode, which enhances the low-temperature performance of the electrolyte and improves the specific capacity, cycle stability, and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries. It can improve the specific capacity, cycle stability and cycle life of lithium-ion battery. It plays a crucial role in improving the range, service life and safety of lithium-ion batteries.

General Description

Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) can be used as a co-solvent for the formation of electrolytes, which can exhibit a reversible capacity of 2.5 Ah g?1. It can be further used in the fabrication of lithium-ion batteries. FEC enables the formation of thin, smooth and stable passive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which is insoluble in the electrolyte, in turn increasing the cycling efficiency and discharge capacity retention of the secondary battery.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

References

[1] Yanting Jin. “Understanding Fluoroethylene Carbonate and Vinylene Carbonate Based Electrolytes for Si Anodes in Lithium Ion Batteries with NMR Spectroscopy.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 140 31 (2018): 9854–9867.
[2] Rod McMillan. “Fluoroethylene carbonate electrolyte and its use in lithium ion batteries with graphite anodes.” Journal of Power Sources 81 (1999): Pages 20-26.
[3] J. HEINE. Fluoroethylene Carbonate as Electrolyte Additive in Tetraethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether Based Electrolytes for Application in Lithium Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2015, 162 1. DOI:10.1149/2.0011507JES.
[4] XUE-QIANG ZHANG. Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additives to Render Uniform Li Deposits in Lithium Metal Batteries[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2017, 27 10. DOI:10.1002/adfm.201605989.
[5] OKUNO Y, USHIROGATA K, SODEYAMA K, et al. Decomposition of the fluoroethylene carbonate additive and the glue effect of lithium fluoride products for the solid electrolyte interphase: an ab initio study?[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2016, 12: 8643-8653. DOI:10.1039/C5CP07583A.