Isobutyronitrile Property

Melting point:

-72 °C (lit.)

Boiling point:

107-108 °C (lit.)

Density 

0.770 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)

vapor density 

2.38 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

100 mm Hg ( 54.4 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.372(lit.)

Flash point:

39 °F

storage temp. 

Flammables area

solubility 

slightly soluble in water and acetone, very soluble in alcohol and ether

form 

Liquid

color 

Clear colorless to light yellow

Water Solubility 

35 g/L (20 ºC)

Merck 

14,5156

BRN 

1340512

Dielectric constant

23.9（Ambient）

Stability:

Stable. Flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

CAS DataBase Reference

78-82-0(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Propanenitrile, 2-methyl-(78-82-0)

EPA Substance Registry System

Isobutyronitrile (78-82-0)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

F,T

Risk Statements 

11-23/24/25-36/37/38

Safety Statements 

9-16-24/25-26-36/37/39-45-23

RIDADR 

UN 2284 3/PG 2

OEB

A

OEL

TWA: 8 ppm (22 mg/m3)

WGK Germany 

2

RTECS 

TZ4900000

Hazard Note 

Highly Flammable/Toxic

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

3

PackingGroup 

II

HS Code 

29269095

Hazardous Substances Data

78-82-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 (mg/kg): 25 i.p. in mice; 200 orally in rats (Zeller); LD50 orally in male mice: 0.3652 mmol/kg (Tanii)

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H225Highly Flammable liquid and vapour

Precautionary statements

P210Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.

P233Keep container tightly closed.

P240Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.

Isobutyronitrile Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

Colorless liquid with a foul odor. Insoluble in water, easily soluble in ethanol and ether.

Uses

Isobutyronitrile can be derived from isobutyraldehyde. It is used in organic synthesis, as a catalyst in the polymerization of ethylene and in the petroleum industry as a gasoline additive. Isobutyronitrile is also used to synthesize the intermediate 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine of the organophosphorus insecticide diazinon.

Definition

ChEBI: Isobutyronitrile is an aliphatic nitrile that is acetonitrile in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent. It is an aliphatic nitrile and a volatile organic compound.

Production Methods

Isobutyronitrile is usually obtained by the catalytic gas-phase reaction of isobutyraldehyde or isobutanol with ammonia. Its major use is the synthesis of the insecticide diazinon.

Production Methods

Isobutyronitrile is prepared from isobutyraldehyde by cyanation with ammonia.

General Description

A clear colorless liquid. Flash point 47°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Isobutyronitrile is incompatible with the following: Oxidizers, reducing agents, strong acids & bases .

Hazard

Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption.

Health Hazard

Isobutyronitrile is considered highly hazardous and full precautions should be taken to prevent skin contact or inhalation of vapor. Inhaled isobutyronitrile is about 2.4 times as toxic as acetonitrile in rats. may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. (Non-Specific -- Nitriles) Primarily, they are skin and eye irritants. Large doses cause collapse and stop breathing. In order to protect workers, the recommended TWA limit is obtained by dividing that for acetonitrile by the factor 2.4. NIOSH has therefore recommended that employee exposure should not exceed 8 p.p.m. (22 mg/m3) for either compound as a TLV-TWA.

Fire Hazard

Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion. Isobutyronitrile is a flammable/combustible material and may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Container may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.

Metabolism

Thiocyanate was present in the urine of rats dosed orally with isobutyronitrile.

Purification Methods

Shake the nitrile with conc HCl (to remove isonitriles), then with water and aqueous NaHCO3. After a preliminary drying with silica gel or Linde type 4A molecular sieves, it is shaken or stirred with CaH2 until hydrogen evolution ceases, then decanted and distilled from P2O5 (not more than 5g/L, to minimize gel formation) or Drierite (b 101-103o/760mm). Finally it is refluxed with, and slowly distilled from CaH2 (5g/L), taking precautions to exclude moisture. [Beilstein 2 H 294, 2 I 129, 2 II 263, 2 III 655, 2 IV 853.]