EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLUS (CLOVE) LEAF OIL Chemical Properties

FEMA 

2325 | CLOVE LEAF OIL, MADAGASCAR

CAS DataBase Reference

8015-97-2

EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLUS (CLOVE) LEAF OIL Usage And Synthesis

Application

EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLUS (CLOVE) LEAF OIL is used in the formulation of floral flavorings and is commonly used in cosmetics, soaps, toothpaste, tooth powder, and mouthwash flavorings. It can also be used as an edible flavoring. China's "Hygienic Standard for the Use of Food Additives" (GB2760-1996) stipulates that it can be used in appropriate amounts to formulate various food flavorings as needed for production. FEMA's recommendations for use in food are as follows: [FEMA Recommended Values] Non-alcoholic beverages 8.6 mg/kg Ice cream and ice products 16 mg/kg Confectionery 22 mg/kg Baked goods 30 mg/kg Colloids and puddings 510 mg/kg Meat 670 mg/kg Condiments 14~40 mg/kg Pickled foods 7.0~16 mg/kg Apple butter 2.0 mg/kg.

Chemical Properties

Clove leaf oil is obtained in 2–3% yield by steam distillation of the leaves of the aforementioned plant. d²⁰₂₀ 1.039–1.049; n²⁰_D 1.5280–1.5350; phenol content: min. 80%, for Indonesian origin 78%; content by GC: eugenol 80–92%, caryophyllene 4–17%, eugenol acetate 0.2–1%.

Chemical Properties

Clove leaf oil is obtained by steam distillation. Typical yield of oil from clove leaves is 2%. Approximately 2,000 tons of clove leaf oil is produced worldwide. The main producers of clove leaf oil are Madagascar (900 tons), Indonesia (850 tons), Tanzania (200 tons), Sri Lanka and Brazil. It has the characteristic odor of eugenol.

Physical properties

Freshly distilled oil is yellow, but turns dark violet after aging in iron containers. It is soluble in propylene glycol and in most fixed oils, with slight opalescence. It is relatively insoluble in glycerin and in mineral oil.

Essential oil composition

The oil has a high concentration of eugenol, making it a preferred source for eugenol and subsequent conversion to isoeugenol, derivatives of eugenol and vanillin. Trace quantities of naphthalene and a bicyclic sesquiterpene alcohol may be present in the leaf oil. Little or no eugenyl acetate is present.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. A severe skin irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

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