Nitrocefin Chemical Properties

Melting point:

103-113° (dec); mp 167-169° (dec) (Lee)

alpha 

D20 -224° (c = 1.0 in dioxane)

Boiling point:

872.0±65.0 °C(Predicted)

Density 

1.67±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

DMF: 20 mg/ml; DMSO: 20 mg/ml; DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:20): 0.04 mg/ml

form 

A crystalline solid

pka

2.50±0.50(Predicted)

Stability:

Hygroscopic, Unstable in Solution

Safety Information

HS Code 

29349990

Nitrocefin Usage And Synthesis

Description

The generation of β-lactamases by bacteria affords resistance to several classes of β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins. Nitrocefin is a chromogenic cephalosporin substrate commonly used to detect β-lactamases in bacteria. The presence of β-lactamase activity is indicated by the appearance of a red color that is proportional in intensity to the original concentration of nitrocefin.

Chemical Properties

Nitrocefin is the chromogenic cephalosporin that acts as an excellent β-lactamase substrate. It exhibits a rapid distinctive color change from yellow (max at pH 7.0 = 390 nm) to red (max at pH 7.0 = 486 nm) as the amide bond in the beta-lactam ring is hydrolyzed by a β-lactamase. It is sensitive to hydrolysis by all known lactamases produced by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Nitrocefin (Yellow) --β-lactamase-->Product (Red) (OD486nm)
Solution preparation and color change before and after β-lactamase exposure

(A) Concentrated nitrocefin (10.0 mg/mL) in DMSO before dilution with PBS buffer. (B) Nitrocefin diluted with PBS buffer to working concentration (1.0 mg/mL). The yellow color is indicative of intact, undegraded nitrocefin. (C) 25 units of betalactamase dropped on top of nitrocefin (1.0 mg/mL in PBS). The red color is the result of beta-lactamase mediated cleavage of the nitrocefin. (D) Vortexed mixture of contents shown in picture (C).

Uses

Nitrocefin is a chromogenic β-lactamase substrate that undergoes colour change from yellow to red as the amide bond in the β-Lactam ring is hydrolyzed by β-lactamase. Nitrocefin undergoes colour chang es induced by lactamases produced by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Several studies have utilized the colour changing properties of Nitrocefin for the detection of β-lactamase activity from bacterial cell extracts by isoelectric focusing and spectroscopy. Nitrocefin has also been used in studies involving β-lactamase resistant antibiotics.

Preparation

Nitrocefin is a key reagent for high and low throughput assays of the activities of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and β-lactamases, the former used for discovery of antibiotics and the latter for inhibitors of resistance determinants for β-lactam antibiotics. This compound is commercially available but is prohibitively expensive because of the circuitous routes to its synthesis. We describe herein a three-step synthesis of nitrocefin that gives an overall yield of 44%. This is a practical route to the synthesis of this key reagent for drug discovery.
A Practical Synthesis of Nitrocefin

Biological Functions

In determination of b-lactamase activity in biological samples.
Nitrocefin is a colorless or faint yellow cephalosporin antimicrobial that is hydrolyzed rapidly by most beta-lactamases.The hydrolysis product is pink.The bacterium to be tested is applied to a paper disk containing nitrocefin. A pink color developing within minutes (positive test) indicates a beta-lactamaseproducing bacterium.

Nitrocefin(41906-86-9)Related Product Information

• Berberine
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• NITROCEFIN DISKS*
• (2-ISOBUTYRYLAMINO-ACETYLAMINO)-ACETIC ACID
• Nitrocefin