Periodic acid Chemical Properties

Melting point:

122 °C (lit.)

Boiling point:

140°C

Density 

d417 1.3875; d 1.42

bulk density

1400kg/m3

vapor pressure 

7.6Pa at 25℃

RTECS 

NN1269700

Flash point:

140°C

storage temp. 

Store at +15°C to +25°C.

solubility 

soluble in Methanol, Water

form 

Solid

color 

White to slightly yellow

PH

1.2 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Water Solubility 

Soluble in water and alcohols.

Sensitive 

Moisture & Light Sensitive

Merck 

14,7171

Stability:

Stable, but strong oxidizer. Contact with combustible material may cause fire. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with organic materials, strong reducing agents.

InChIKey

TWLXDPFBEPBAQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS DataBase Reference

10450-60-9(CAS DataBase Reference)

EPA Substance Registry System

Periodic acid (H5IO6) (10450-60-9)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

C,O

Risk Statements 

8-34

Safety Statements 

26-27-36/37/39-45-17-36

RIDADR 

UN 3264 8/PG 2

WGK Germany 

3

F 

3-8

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

2811 19 80

HazardClass 

5.1

PackingGroup 

II

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:ACROS
• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich
• Language:English Provider:ALFA

Periodic acid Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties

Periodic acid exists as colorless crystals, soluble in water and ethanol but slightly soluble in ether. Upon dehydration, it forms metaperiodic acid (HIO₄). Further dehydration leads to decomposition, ultimately yielding iodine pentoxide (I₂O₅).

Physical properties

In dilute solution, periodic acid exists as H⁺ and IO4^-. When more concentrated, orthoperiodic acid, H5IO6, is formed. Note that this compound is essentially a dihydrate, HIO4·2H2O. This can be obtained as a crystalline solid. O-periodic acid can be dehydrated to metaperiodic acid, m-HIO4. Further heating gives di-iodine pentoxide (I2O5) and O2. The anhydride di-iodine heptoxide, i.e. I2O7, does not exist in nature but can be formed synthetically.

Uses

Periodic acid is used as a component for glycoprotein stains. It serves as a pharmaceutical and synthetic intermediate and is used in silk screen printing. It acts as an oxidizing agent especially the cleavage of 1,2 diols to prepare dialdehydes. It has selective oxidation powers which makes it an ideal reagent for the reclamation of silk screens in the printing industry. It finds application in life sciences for the analysis of intracellular polysaccharides like glycogen, starch and cellulose. Furthermore, it is used in the oxidation reactions converting sulfides into sulfones, catalyzed by chromium(VI) oxide and oxidation reactions converting alcohols to aldehydes and ketones.

Uses

PERIODIC ACID is used as an oxidiser and in the determination of manganese.

Uses

In organic synthesis.

Definition

ChEBI: Orthoperiodic acid is an iodine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of an orthoperiodate(1-).

Production Methods

A 100 g quantity of Ba₃H₄(IO₆)₂ is moistened with 75 mL of H₂O and treated with 200 mL of colorless nitric acid (HNO₃). The mixture is agitated, heated to 60–70 °C for 1 h, and then cooled to 30–40 °C. The precipitated Ba(NO₃)₂ is filtered off using a glass frit filter. The residue is washed free of periodate by stirring with concentrated HNO₃. The combined filtrate is evaporated at 60–70 °C under aspirator vacuum (if additional Ba(NO₃)₂ precipitates, it is removed by filtration, and evaporation continues) until H₅IO₆ begins to crystallize. After cooling, colorless, glistening crystals of periodic acid (H₅IO₆) form. Due to the tendency of the solution to become supersaturated, prolonged waiting may be required. The crystals are collected by filtration and dried under vacuum at 50 °C. A second crop of crystals may be obtained by further evaporating the mother liquor.

Reactions

Paraperiodic acid H5IO6, is obtained from sodium paraperiodate, formed by action of chlorine upon a NaOH solution containing I2. On vacuum drying, paraperiodic acid yields metaperiodic acid, HIO4, and dimesoperiodic acid, H4I2O9; which form heteropoly acids with a number of oxides and acids. The periodic acids and their salts are strong oxidizing agents both with inorganic and organic compounds.

General Description

Periodic acid (H₅IO₆) is an oxoacid of iodine. It is commonly used as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis for the preparation of useful chemical intermediates. Periodic acid is also used in oxidative cleavage reactions.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

reaction suitability

reagent type: oxidant

References

[1] JACKSON E. Periodic Acid Oxidation[J]. Organic Reactions, 2011, 104 1: 341-375. DOI:10.1002/0471264180.OR002.08.
[2] FATIADI A J. Periodic Acid, a Novel Oxidant of Polycyclic, Aromatic Hydrocarbons.[J]. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and Chemistry, 1968, 72A 4: 341-350. DOI:10.6028/jres.072A.030.
[3] MAHDIEH TABATABAEI SHAFIEI. Detecting glycogen in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with periodic acid schiff staining.[J]. Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2014, 94. DOI:10.3791/52199.
[4] ZACHARY J WOLNER Benjamin K S Danielle E Mustin. Preordering Periodic Acid-Schiff Staining: A Quality Improvement Study.[J]. American Journal of Dermatopathology, 2023: 825-827. DOI:10.1097/DAD.0000000000002570.
[5] SH. N. ZHURAKULOV. Oxidation of Quinoline Alkaloids Bucharaine, Foliosidine, Evoxine, and Dubinidine by Periodic Acid[J]. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2024, 60 4: 676-682. DOI:10.1007/s10600-024-04410-7.

Periodic acid(10450-60-9)Related Product Information

• Lead dioxide
• Sodium fluoride
• SODIUM BISMUTHATE
• Sodium iodate
• Iodic acid
• Sodium periodate
• Periodic acid
• LITHIUM PERIODATE
• Ammonium periodate
• Tetrabutylammonium periodate
• Potassium periodate
• BARIUM PERIODATE
• PERIODIC ACID
• SODIUM PARAPERIODATE
• POTASSIUM NICKEL(IV) PARAPERIODATE
• TRIS[TRINITRATOCERIUM(IV)] PARAPERIODATE
• SILVER PERIODATE
• Potassium paraperiodate