glycyl-prolyl-glutamic acid Chemical Properties

Boiling point:

675.7±55.0 °C(Predicted)

Density 

1.431±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

storage temp. 

Store at 0°C

solubility 

H2O: >5mg/mL

form 

white powder

pka

3.51±0.10(Predicted)

color 

White to off-white

Safety Information

WGK Germany 

3

glycyl-prolyl-glutamic acid Usage And Synthesis

Uses

Gly-Pro-Glu is a neuroactive peptide with a potent action on acetylcholine release. Gly-Pro-Glu is the N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-I. Gly-Pro-Glu inhibits glutamate binds to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor with an IC50 value of 14.7 μM. Gly-Pro-Glu can be used for the research of neuroprotection [1][2].

Definition

ChEBI: Gly-Pro-Glu is an oligopeptide.

Biological Activity

Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE) is a neuroactive peptide and prevents the binding of glutamate to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It positively regulates the potassium-mediated release of acetylcholine from r at cortical slices. Thus, it is involved in the control of brain function. In vitro studies show th at this peptide confers neuroprotection to CA1-2 hippocampal neurons against excitotoxic insult.', 'Gly-Pro-Glu is a neuroprotective compound and the N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1. Gly-Pro-Glu is neuroprotective after central administration in animal models of neurodegenerative processes, such as Huntington′s, Parkinson′s, Alzheimer′s diseases, and varies acute brain injury animal models. The neuroprotective activity is not related to its affinity to glutamate receptor. Findings indicate th at GPE mimics insulin-like growth factor I effects on the somatostatin system through a mechanism independent of β-amyloid clearance th at involves modulation of calcium and glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling.

in vivo

References

[1] Sara VR, et al. Identification of Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE), the aminoterminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor 1 which is truncated in brain, as a novel neuroactive peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Dec 15;165(2):766-71. DOI:10.1016/s0006-291x(89)80032-4
[2] Aguado-Llera D, et al. Gly-Pro-Glu protects beta-amyloid-induced somatostatin depletion in the rat cortex. Neuroreport. 2004 Aug 26;15(12):1979-82. DOI:10.1097/00001756-200408260-00029

glycyl-prolyl-glutamic acid(32302-76-4)Related Product Information

• prolylglutamic acid
• CORTICOTROPIN RELEASE-INHIBITING FACTOR
• H-ASN-ALA-TRP-VAL-LYS-VAL-VAL-GLU-GLU-LYS-ALA-PHE-SER-PRO-GLU-OH
• KLKDNKQMGLQPYPE
• PROSTAGLANDIN D SYNTHASE (HEMATOPOIETIC) BLOCKING PEPTIDE
• glycyl-prolyl-glutamic acid
• ARG-LEU-ALA-PHE-HIS-HIS-VAL-ALA-ARG-GLU-LEU-HIS-PRO-GLU
• H-MET-ALA-GLN-VAL-HIS-GLN-GLY-LEU-MET-PRO-THR-ALA-PRO-PRO-GLU-OH
• PAI-1
• BAM-12P
• H-GLY-HYP-GLU-OH
• ANTI-PROTEIN KINASE B NEUTRALIZING PEPTIDE
• ([125I]-TYR)-BAM-12P