Melamine Chemical Properties

Melting point:

>300 °C (lit.)

Boiling point:

224.22°C (rough estimate)

Density 

1.573

vapor pressure 

66.65 hPa (315 °C)

refractive index 

1.872

Flash point:

>110°C

storage temp. 

no restrictions.

solubility 

water: soluble25mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless

pka

5(at 25℃)

form 

Fine Crystalline Powder

color 

White

PH

7-8 (32g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Water Solubility 

3 g/L (20 ºC)

Merck 

14,5811

BRN 

124341

Stability:

Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents. Nonflammable.

InChIKey

JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP

-1.22 at 20℃

CAS DataBase Reference

108-78-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine(108-78-1)

IARC

2B (Vol. Sup 7, 73, 119) 2019

EPA Substance Registry System

Melamine (108-78-1)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

Xi,Xn

Risk Statements 

43-44-20/21

Safety Statements 

36/37

RIDADR 

3263

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

OS0700000

Autoignition Temperature

>600 °C

TSCA 

Yes

PackingGroup 

III

HS Code 

29336980

Hazardous Substances Data

108-78-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 3161 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 1000 mg/kg

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine
• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich

Melamine Usage And Synthesis

Description

Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MFR) is an active ingredient of strong (reinforced) plasters. Sensitization was reported in a plaster-room technician, who applied resin-reinforced pIaster casts, and in dental technicians. MFR was contained in a strong dental pIaster used for mouldings. Used as a textile finish res in, it was also found to be an allergen in a women who replaced clothes in a store. MFR also releases formaldehyde, which may be the sensitizer.

Chemical Properties

Melamine is a white solid organic compound whose molecules consist of a sixmembered heterocyclic ring of alternate carbon and nitrogen atoms with three amino groups attached to the carbons. Condensation polymerization with methanal or other aldehydes produces melamine resins, which are important thermosetting plastics.

Uses

Forms synthetic resins with formaldehyde.

Uses

It is used to make high-pressure laminating resins (e.g., decorative countertops), molded compounds (e.g., dinnerware), and surface coating resins (e.g., appliance finishes and automotive topcoats). Additional major products are textile and paper treatment resins. Miscellaneous uses include adhesive resins for gluing lumber, plywood, and flooring, and resins for leather tanning agents. Melamine, melamine cyanurate, other melamine salts, and guanidine compounds are currently the most used group of nitrogencontaining flame retardants. Melamine is used as a flame retardant additive for polypropylene and polyethylene. Melamine cyanurate is employed commercially as a flame retardant for polyamides and terephthalates.

Production Methods

The compound now is synthesized from urea.

Definition

ChEBI: Melamine is a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. It has a role as a xenobiotic metabolite. It is functionally related to a cyanamide. It is a conjugate base of a melamine(1+).

Definition

melamine: A white crystalline compound,C₃N₆H₆. Melamine is a cycliccompound having a six-memberedring of alternating C and N atoms,with three NH₂ groups. It can becopolymerized with methanal to givethermosetting melamine resins,which are used particularly for laminatedcoatings.

Production Methods

Melamine is prepared almost exclusively by the urea process—the action of ammonia on urea. It is produced worldwide.

Preparation

The standard route to melamine is from urea. Urea is heated in the presence of ammonia at 250-350??C and 4--20 MPa. The reaction probably involves the simultaneous dehydration and hydration of urea to form cyanamide and ammonium carbamate; trimerization of the cyanamide then leads to melamine:

Thus only 50% of the urea used gives melamine in one step and ammonium carbamate has to be separated and converted to urea for recycling. Despite this limitation, the urea route is the most economical of currently available routes.

General Description

Colorless to white monoclinic crystals or prisms or white powder. Sublimes when gently heated.

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Melamine is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids . Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Hazard

Toxic by ingestion, skin, and eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen.

Fire Hazard

Literature sources indicate that Melamine is nonflammable.

Contact allergens

Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MFR) results from condensation of melamine and formaldehyde. It is anactive ingredient of strong (reinforced) plasters, such as industrial or some dental plasters used for molding.It is also used as a textile finish resin. MFR acts as an allergen generally because of formaldehyde releasing (see Chap. 40)

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. An eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. Causes dermatitis in humans. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and CN-.

Potential Exposure

Manufactured from urea, melamine is used in the manufacture of plastics, melamineformaldehyde resins; rubber, synthetic textiles; laminates, adhesives, and molding compound

First aid

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.

Carcinogenicity

A bioassay of melamine was conducted in rats and mice by NTP. Male F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were administered melamine in their diets at concentrations of 2250 or 4500 ppm daily for 103 weeks.Female rats were fed 4500 or 9000 ppm melamine. At the end of 111 weeks, surviving animals were killed and examined.

storage

Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Store in a secure poison location. Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from strong oxidizers and strong acids. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045.

Purification Methods

Crystallise Melamine from water or dilute aqueous NaOH. It sublimes at ~240o on prolonged heating. [Beilstein 26 I 74, 26 II 132, 26 III/IV 1253.]

Incompatibilities

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Melamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides.

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