Amyl acetate Chemical Properties

Melting point:

−100 °C(lit.)

Boiling point:

142-149 °C(lit.)

Density 

0.876 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

vapor density 

4.5 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

4 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.402(lit.)

Flash point:

75 °F

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

solubility 

10g/l

form 

Powder

color 

White

Odor

Pleasant banana-like; mild; characteristic banana- or pear-like odor.

explosive limit

1.1-7.5%(V)

Water Solubility 

10 g/L (20 ºC)

FreezingPoint 

-70.8℃

BRN 

1744753

Henry's Law Constant

10.73 at 37 °C (static headspace-GC, Bylaite et al., 2004)

Exposure limits

TLV-TWA 100 ppm (～525 mg/m³) (ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA); IDLH 4000 ppm.

CAS DataBase Reference

628-63-7(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Acetic acid, pentyl ester(628-63-7)

EPA Substance Registry System

n-Amyl acetate (628-63-7)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

Xi

Risk Statements 

10-66

Safety Statements 

23-25-24/25

RIDADR 

UN 1104 3/PG 3

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

AJ1925000

F 

21

Autoignition Temperature

680 °F &_& 714 °F

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

3

PackingGroup 

III

HS Code 

29153930

Hazardous Substances Data

628-63-7(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

Acute oral LD₅₀ for rats 6,500 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985).

IDLA

1,000 ppm

MSDS

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Amyl acetate Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties

All isomers of amyl acetate are highly flammable, colorless to yellow, watery liquids.

Physical properties

Colorless liquid with a sweet, banana-like odor. A detection odor threshold concentration of 275 μg/m³ (52 ppb_v) was reported by Punter (1983). Cometto-Mu?iz and Cain (1991) reported an average nasal pungency threshold concentration of 1,650 ppm_v.

Uses

Banana essence. Used as test odorant in studies of olfactory function and in studies of the psychosocial effects of odor.

Uses

A colorless liquid made by adding sulfuric acid to a mixture of amyl alcohol and acetic acid with subsequent recovery by distillation. It is slightly soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. Amyl acetate was used as one of the solvents in making celluloid film and as fuel for the Alteneck lamp, adopted as the standard light in sensitometry by the International Congress of Photography in 1889.

Uses

n-Amyl acetate is used as a solvent forlacquers and paints; in fabrics’ printing; innail polish; and as a flavoring agent.

Definition

ChEBI: An acetate ester of pentanol.

Production Methods

n-Amyl acetate is the produced by the esterification of N-amyl alcohol with acetic acid.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Synthetic Communications, 21, p. 1545, 1991 DOI: 10.1080/00397919108021051
Tetrahedron Letters, 50, p. 395, 2009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.11.024
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 45, p. 2915, 1980 DOI: 10.1021/jo01302a035

General Description

A mixture of isomers. A clear colorless liquid with a banana-like odor. Flash point varies from 65°F. to 95°F. Less dense (at 7.2 lb / gal) than water and slightly soluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors heavier than air.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

AMYL ACETATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. Amyl acetate is incompatible with the following: Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis & acids .

Hazard

Flammable, high fire risk. Explosive limits in air 1.1–7.5%.

Health Hazard

n-Amyl acetate is a narcotic, an irritant tothe eyes and respiratory passage, and at highconcentrations, an anesthesia. Exposure toabout 300 ppm in air for 30 minutes mayproduce eye irritation in humans. Higherconcentrations (>1000 ppm) may produceheadache, somnolence, and narcotic effects.Exposure to 5200 ppm for 8 hours was lethalto rats. It is more toxic than the loweraliphatic esters. An LD50 value in rats iswithin the range 6000 mg/kg.

Fire Hazard

HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Human systemic effects by inhalation: conjunctiva irritation, headache, and somnolence. A human eye irritant. Apparently more toxic than butyl acetate. Chronic toxicity is of a low order. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. Moderately explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to flame. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ESTERS, AMYL ALCOHOL, and ACETIC ACID.

Potential Exposure

(n-isomer): Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction), (sec-isomer) Human Data. Amyl acetates are used as industrial solvents and in the manufacturing and dry-cleaning industry; making artificial fruit-flavoring agents; cements, coated papers, lacquers; in medications as an inflammatory agent; pet repellents, insecticides and miticide. Many other uses.

Carcinogenicity

Not listed by ACGIH, California Proposition 65, IARC, NTP, or OSHA.

Source

Identified among 139 volatile compounds identified in cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. reticulates cv. Sol Real) using an automated rapid headspace solid phase microextraction method (Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001).

Environmental Fate

Chemical/Physical. Hydrolyzes in water forming acetic acid and 1-pentanol.
At an influent concentration of 985 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent concentration of 119 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 175 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al., 1974).

Shipping

UN1993 Flammable liquids, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, Technical Name Required.

Purification Methods

Shake the ester with saturated NaHCO3 solution until neutral, washed it with water, dry with MgSO4 and distil it. The ester has also been purfied by repeated fractional distillation through an efficient column or spinning band column. [Timmermann & Hennant-Roland J Chim Phys 52 223 1955, Mumford & Phillips J Chem Soc 75 1950, 1H NMR: Crawford & Foster Can J Phys 34 653 1956, Beilstein 2 IV 152.]

Incompatibilities

Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, nitrates. May soften certain plastics.

Waste Disposal

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.

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