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Ritonavir

Product Name
Ritonavir
CAS No.
155213-67-5
Chemical Name
Ritonavir
Synonyms
Ritonavi;THIAZOL-5-YL-METHANOL;Ritonavir for peak identification CRS;Norvir;RARECHEM AL BD 1261;thiazol-5-ylMethyl ((2S,3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-5-((S)-2-(3-((2-isopropylthiazol-4-yl)Methyl)-3-Methylureido)-3-MethylbutanaMido)-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl)carbaMate;thiazol-5-ylmethyl ((2S,3S,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-((S)-2-(3-((2-isopropylthiazol-4-yl)methyl)-3-methylureido)-3-methylbutanamido)-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl)carbamate;1,3-Thiazol-5-ylmethyl N-[(2S,3S,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-[[methyl-[(2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate;1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl n-[(2s,3s,5r)-3-hydroxy-5-[[(2s)-3-methyl-2-[[methyl-[(2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-1,6-diphenyl-hexan-2-yl]carbamate;2,4,7,12-Tetraazatridecan-13-oic acid, 10-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-1-[2-(1-methylethyl)-4-thiazolyl]-3,6-dioxo-8,11-bis(phenylmethyl)-, 5-thiazolylmethyl ester, [5S-(5R*,8R*,10R*,11R*)]-
CBNumber
CB0119429
Molecular Formula
C37H48N6O5S2
Formula Weight
720.94
MOL File
155213-67-5.mol
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Ritonavir Property

Melting point:
120-122°C
Boiling point:
947.0±65.0 °C(Predicted)
Density 
1.239±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Flash point:
2℃
storage temp. 
room temp
solubility 
DMSO: soluble10mg/mL (clear solution, warmed)
pka
11.47±0.46(Predicted)
form 
powder
color 
white to beige
Water Solubility 
5mg/L(ms)
Merck 
14,8238
BCS Class
2,4
Stability:
Stable for 1 year from date of purchase as supplied. Solutions in DMSO or ethanol may be stored at -20° for up to 2 months.
InChIKey
NCDNCNXCDXHOMX-XGKFQTDJSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference
155213-67-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
Xi,Xn
Risk Statements 
36/38-20/21/22-41
Safety Statements 
26-37/39-36/37-39
RIDADR 
UN 1648 3 / PGII
WGK Germany 
3
RTECS 
XA5310000
HS Code 
29341000
Hazardous Substances Data
155213-67-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Warning
Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
PHR1734
Product name
Ritonavir
Packaging
1g
Price
$124
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1604803
Product name
Ritonavir
Purity
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Packaging
200mg
Price
$436
Updated
2024/03/01
Cayman Chemical
Product number
13872
Product name
Ritonavir
Purity
≥98%
Packaging
10mg
Price
$28
Updated
2024/03/01
Cayman Chemical
Product number
13872
Product name
Ritonavir
Purity
≥98%
Packaging
50mg
Price
$111
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
Y0000714
Product name
Ritonavir
Purity
European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Packaging
y0000714
Price
$220
Updated
2024/03/01
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Ritonavir Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Ritonavir (brand name: Norvir) was launched in Germany, the UK and US for treatment of advanced HIV in combination with antiretroviral nucleoside analogs in a record 72 days by the FDA. It is an inhibitor of HIV aspartic protease which is critical in the processing of a propeptide into the gag, gag-pol gene products and the protease itself. This inhibition results in the release of non-infectous immature virus particles. It is greater than 500-fold more selective for viral aspartic protease than the human version, has good oral bioavailability and may increase the bioavailability of other protease inhibitors. Ritonavir was able to increase the CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte count as well as reduce viral RNA. It is more potent than saqunavir and comparible in potency to zidovudine and lamivudine.

Chemical Properties

Ritonavir is a white-to-light-tan powder with a bitter metallic taste. It is freely soluble in methanol and ethanol, soluble in isopropanol and practically insoluble in water. It is an inhibitor of HIV protease with activity against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Originator

Abbott (USA)

Uses

Ritonavir is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1-infected patients. Ritonivir is an HIV protease inhibitor (EC50 = 25 nM) that also inhibits CYP3A4, the primary cytochrome P450 isoform that metabolizes protease inhibitors. Through CYP3A4 inhibition, low doses of ritonivir can reduce the metabolism of concomitantly administered protease inhibitiors, enhancing their bioavailability and efficacy.

Definition

ChEBI: Ritonavir is an L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. It has a role as an antiviral drug, a HIV protease inhibitor, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a member of 1,3-thiazoles, a L-valine derivative, a carbamate ester, a member of ureas and a carboxamide.

Indications

Ritonavir is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children older than 1 month. Although Ritonavir is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease, it is not well tolerated in higher doses. It is mainly used in low doses to increase blood levels of other protease inhibitors and to extend their dosing interval. Ritonavir is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal side effects, altered taste sensation, paresthesias, and hypertriglyceridemia than are other protease inhibitors. Pancreatitis may occur in the presence or absence of hypertriglyceridemia.

brand name

Norvir (Abbott).

Antimicrobial activity

Ritonavir is active against HIV-1 and, to a lesser extent, HIV-2.

Acquired resistance

At antiretroviral doses resistance is associated with the presence of specific amino acid substitutions in the HIV protease at positions 82 and 84. Concern about the risk for selection of ritonavir resistance when used at a subtherapeutic ‘booster’ dose has so far not been borne out by clinical experience.

General Description

Ritonavir belongs to the group of protease inhibitors, which block the part of HIV called protease. Its mode of action involves binding to the protease active site and inhibiting the activity of the enzyme.

Biological Activity

Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor. It inhibits recombinant HIV-1 protease by 79% when used at a concentration of 0.5 nM. It inhibits HIV-13B-induced cell death in MT-4 human T cell leukemia cells (EC50 = 25 nM) as well as cell death induced by HIV-1LAI, HIV-2ROD, and HIV-2EHO in human MT-2 cells (IC50s = 0.045, 0.13, and 0.24 μM, respectively). Ritonavir also inhibits the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A (IC50 = 0.14 μM). It inhibits CYP-mediated oxidative metabolism of the HIV protease inhibitors saquinavir , indinavir , nelfinavir , and amprenavir in rat and human liver microsomes in a concentration-dependent manner. Ritonavir (10 mg/kg) also prevents decreases in plasma levels of these four compounds in rats. Formulations containing ritonavir have been used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor now used frequently as a booster of other protease inhbitors. Ritonavir inhibits cytochrome P450-3A4 (CYP3A4), a liver enzyme that normally metabolizes protease inhibitors. It has also been investigated as a possible anti-cancer agent.

Mechanism of action

Because of the strong CYP450-inhibiting effects of ritonavir, the drug has found value when used in fixed-dosage combinations with other PIs to block their metabolism and act as a booster for these drugs (lopinavir/ritonavir and tipranavir/ritonavir). In these cases, ritonavir is used in a subtherapeutic dose but boosts the effectiveness of the coadministered drug. The utilization of ritonavir in a therapeutic dose for treating HIV infections appears to be decreasing, but its utilization as a booster drug is finding favor.

Pharmacokinetics

Oral absorption: Not known/available
Cmax 600 mg twice daily: c. 11.2 mg/L
Cmin 600 mg twice daily: c. 3.7 mg/L
Plasma half-life: c. 3–5 h
Volume of distribution: c. 0.3–0.6 L/kg
Plasma protein binding: c. 97%
Absorption and distribution
Fasting and high-fat meals had no appreciable effect on oral absorption. It penetrates poorly into the CNS. The semen:plasma ratio is <0.04. It is distributed into breast milk.
Metabolism and excretion
Four oxidized metabolites have been identified, the major of which retains antiretroviral activity. Around 11% of the dose is excreted in urine, 4% as unchanged drug. The remainder is found in feces. Metabolites are eliminated primarily via the feces.
No dose adjustment is recommended in mild to moderate hepatic impairment. It should not be given to patients with severe hepatic impairment, nor should it be given as a pharmacokinetic enhancer to patients with decompensated liver disease.

Side effects

Full (antiretroviral) doses are associated with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fatigue in >20% of subjects. The degree to which ritonavir at low dose is associated with specific adverse events is uncertain. In HIV-negative healthy volunteers given ‘booster’ doses of 100 mg every 12 h, the concentration of total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol and triglycerides all increased, and the concentration of high-density cholesterol concentration fell.

Drug interactions

Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir has significant drug-drug interactions, primarily due to the ritonavir component of the combination. Boosting with ritonavir, which is a strong CYP3A inhibitor and a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, is required to increase the exposure of nirmatrelvir to a concentration that is effective against SARS-CoV-2. However, it may also increase concentrations of certain concomitant medications, thereby increasing the potential for serious and sometimes life-threatening drug toxicities. Additionally, ritonavir is an inhibitor, inducer, and substrate of various other drug-metabolizing enzymes and/or drug transporters.

Metabolism

Ritonavir is extensively metabolised in the liver mainly by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP3A4 and to a lesser extent by CYP2D6. Five metabolites have been identified and the major metabolite has antiviral activity, but concentrations in plasma are low.
About 86% of a dose is eliminated through the faeces (both as unchanged drug and as metabolites) and about 11% is excreted in the urine.

storage

-20°C

References

1) Lea and Faulds (2018)?Ritonavir;?Drugs?52?541 2) Koudriakova?et al.?(1998)?Metabolism of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors Indinavir and Ritonavir by Human Intestinal Microsomes and Expressed Cytochrome P4503A4/3A5: Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Cytochrome P3503A by Ritonavir;?Drug Metab. Dispos.?26?552 3) Rock?et al.?(2014)?Characterization of Ritonavir-Mediated Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 3A4;?Mol. Pharmacol.?86?665

Ritonavir Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

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Ritonavir Suppliers

Wisdom Drugs Co., Ltd.
Tel
18261161868
Email
527536256@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
311
Advantage
58
Taizhou Crene Biotechnology Co. Ltd.
Tel
0576-88813233 13396860566
Email
sales@pharm-intermediates.com
Country
China
ProdList
2013
Advantage
58
Conier Chem & Pharma Co.,Ltd,
Tel
023-62879767 13996269627;
Fax
+86-28-84559521
Email
sales@conier.com
Country
China
ProdList
296
Advantage
56
Hubei huizepu Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd
Tel
18507139096 18507139096
Email
hbhzpyy@163.com
Country
China
ProdList
1353
Advantage
58
Hubei Wanye Zhongcheng Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
Tel
18671296875
Email
1205035102@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
4070
Advantage
58
J & K SCIENTIFIC LTD.
Tel
010-82848833 400-666-7788
Fax
86-10-82849933
Email
jkinfo@jkchemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
96815
Advantage
76
3B Pharmachem (Wuhan) International Co.,Ltd.
Tel
821-50328103-801 18930552037
Fax
86-21-50328109
Email
3bsc@sina.com
Country
China
ProdList
15848
Advantage
69
Chembest Research Laboratories Limited
Tel
021-20908456
Fax
021-58180499
Email
sales@BioChemBest.com
Country
China
ProdList
6013
Advantage
61
Pure Chemistry Scientific Inc.
Tel
001-857-928-2050 or 1-888-588-9418
Fax
001-617-206-9595
Email
sales@chemreagents.com
Country
United States
ProdList
10194
Advantage
62
VDM Biochemicals
Tel
0330-2528181
Fax
0330-2528171
Email
sales@vdmbio.com
Country
United States
ProdList
510
Advantage
64
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View Lastest Price from Ritonavir manufacturers

PNP Biotech Co. Ltd
Product
Ritonavir 155213-67-5
Price
US $0.00/kg
Min. Order
25kg
Purity
98%-99%
Supply Ability
Inquiry
Release date
2022-09-16
Jinan Jianfeng Chemical Co., Ltd
Product
RITONAVIR 155213-67-5
Price
US $1.00/g
Min. Order
1g
Purity
99.99%
Supply Ability
20t
Release date
2021-11-12
Sinoway Industrial co., ltd.
Product
Ritonavir 155213-67-5
Price
US $0.00/Kg/Bag
Min. Order
2Kg/Bag
Purity
USP, GMP
Supply Ability
20tons
Release date
2022-11-02

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