Chemical properties Uses content analysis Toxicity usage limits Production methods Hazards & Safety Information
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Propylparaben

Chemical properties Uses content analysis Toxicity usage limits Production methods Hazards & Safety Information
Product Name
Propylparaben
CAS No.
94-13-3
Chemical Name
Propylparaben
Synonyms
Propyl parahydroxybenzoate;Parabens;PROPYL 4-HYDROXYBENZOATE;Nipazol;PROPYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE;Nipasol;Nipasol M;4-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID PROPYL ESTER;PROPYLPARABENE;Propyl parahydroxybenzoate CRS
CBNumber
CB0176673
Molecular Formula
C10H12O3
Formula Weight
180.2
MOL File
94-13-3.mol
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Propylparaben Property

Melting point:
95-98 °C(lit.)
Boiling point:
133°C
Density 
1.0630
vapor pressure 
0.67 hPa (122 °C)
FEMA 
2951 | PROPYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE
refractive index 
1.5050
Flash point:
180°(356°F)
storage temp. 
Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility 
ethanol: soluble0.1M, clear, colorless
form 
Crystalline Powder
pka
pKa 8.4 (Uncertain)
color 
White
Specific Gravity
0.789 (20/4℃)
Odor
at 100.00 %. sweet smoky burnt woody hawthorn
PH
6-7 (H2O, 20°C) (saturated solution)
Odor Type
smoky
Water Solubility 
<0.1 g/100 mL at 12 ºC
Merck 
14,7866
BRN 
1103245
Stability:
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases.
InChIKey
QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP
2.8 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference
94-13-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
N-propyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate(94-13-3)
EPA Substance Registry System
Propylparaben (94-13-3)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
Xi
Risk Statements 
36/37/38
Safety Statements 
26-24/25-36
WGK Germany 
1
RTECS 
DH2800000
Autoignition Temperature
>600 °C
TSCA 
Yes
HS Code 
29182930
Hazardous Substances Data
94-13-3(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 5000 mg/kg
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Warning
Hazard statements

H315Causes skin irritation

H317May cause an allergic skin reaction

H319Causes serious eye irritation

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P272Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

P333+P313IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.

P337+P313IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
54789
Product name
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Purity
tested according to Ph. Eur.
Packaging
1kg
Price
$203
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
16897
Product name
Propylparaben
Purity
certified reference material, TraceCERT
Packaging
100mg
Price
$371
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1.07427
Product name
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Purity
EMPROVE? ESSENTIAL Ph Eur,BP,JP,NF,FCC
Packaging
5kg
Price
$404
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1577008
Product name
Propylparaben
Purity
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Packaging
200mg
Price
$474
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1.07427
Product name
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Purity
EMPROVE? ESSENTIAL Ph Eur,BP,JP,NF,FCC
Packaging
25kg
Price
$1269
Updated
2024/03/01
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Propylparaben Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical properties

Propylparaben is a colorless and fine crystalline or white crystalline powder, almost odorless and with slightly astringent.Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone and other organic solvents, slightly soluble in water.

Uses

1. Propylparaben Used as preservatives and antioxidants, and also used in the pharmaceutical industry
2. Used as the antimicrobial preservative in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics
3. According to ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate (17007)
4. Used as antiseptic and antimicrobial.
5. Used as the preservatives of food, cosmetics and medicines.

content analysis

Same with Method 1 in "Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate (07002)".
In calculation, per mL of 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide corresponds to 180.2mg of this goods (C10Hl2O8).

Toxicity

Adl  0-10 mg/kg (FAO/WHO, 2001).
LD50  3.7g/kg (mouse, oral).
GRAS  (FDA, § 184.1670, 2000).
HACSG  listed in the restricted list.

usage limits

2760--2002 GB (calculate in p-hydroxybenzoic acid; g/kg):
fresh fruit and vegetable 0.012; vinegar 0.10; carbonated beverages 0.20; fruit juice (fruit flavor) type beverages, jam (excluding canned), soy sauces 0.25; pastry stuffing 0.5 (the total amount of single use or mixed use with ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate); egg yolk filling 0.20.
Another provision that sodium methylparaben is also equivalent application.
FAO/WHO (1984): Jam and jelly, 1000 mg/kg
FDA § 184.1670 (2000): 0.1%.
EEC(1990, mg/kg): Frozen drinks 160; beet pickled vegetables, salad dressings, 250; fragrance, fruit tarts, purees, concentrated soft drinks, 800; Fruit canned, salted fish, 1000.
Japan (calculate in p-hydroxybenzoic acid, g/kg; this product, g):
soy sauce 0.25g/L (this product 0.32); vinegarsoysoy 0.1g/L (This product 0.13); soft drinks and syrup 0.1 (this product 0.13); fruit sauce 0.2 (this product 0.26); fruits and vegetables 0.012 (this product 0.015).

Production methods

This product can be derived from the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and n-propanol. First mix p-hydroxybenzoic acid with propanol and heat to dissolve. Then add sulfuric acid slowly and continue to heat for 8h of refluxion. After cooling, pour them into the 4% sodium carbonate solution for precipitation and crystallization. Filtrate and wash to neutral to obtain the crude product. After further ethanol recrystallization, the finished products are obtained. In the preparation, the cation exchange resin can be used in place of the sulfuric acid catalyst.
It can be derived from the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and n-propanol in the presence of sulfuric acid.
Add p-hydroxybenzoic acid and n-propanol in turn to the esterification reactor, and heat to dissolve. Add concentrated sulfuric acid slowly and heat for 8h of refluxion. Pour the reaction solution into 4% sodium carbonate solution before it is cooled. Constantly stir for precipitation and crystallization. Then the crude product can be obtained after centrifugal filtration and washed to neutral. Finally the finished product is acquired after activated carbon decolorization and ethanol recrystallization. The method of preparing ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate can also be used as a reference.
HOC6H4COOH + C3H7OH [H2SO4] → HOC6H4COOC3H7 + H2O

Hazards & Safety Information

Category: Toxic substances
Toxicity classification :Moderate toxicity
Acute Toxicity :Celiac-mouse LD50: 200 mg/kg
Flammable hazardous characteristics :Flammable; excrete acrid and pungent smoke from fire
Storage and transport characteristics :Stored in the low-temperature, well-ventilated and dry warehouse
Fire extinguishing agent :water, carbon dioxide, dry powder, sand

Chemical Properties

White or almost white, crystalline powder.

Chemical Properties

Propylparaben occurs as a white, crystalline, odorless, and tasteless powder.

Chemical Properties

Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate is almost odorless.

Uses

An antimicrobial

Uses

Pharmaceutic aid (antifungal). Antimicrobial preservative in foods and cosmetics.

Uses

propylparaben is one of the most frequently used preservatives against bacteria and mold. It has a low sensitizing and low toxicity factor, is reputed to be very safe, and considered to be a noncomedogenic raw material.

Preparation

Produced by esterfying p-hydroxybenzoic acid with n-propanol, using an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid and an excess of propanol. The materials are heated in a glass-lined reactor under reflux. The acid is then neutralized with caustic soda and the product is crystallized by cooling. The crystallized product is centrifuged, washed, dried under vacuum, milled and blended, all in corrosion-resistant equipment to avoid metallic contamination.

Production Methods

Propylparaben is prepared by the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with n-propanol.

Definition

ChEBI: The benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products. Also used as a food additive.

Aroma threshold values

Detection: 20 ppb

General Description

Colorless crystals or white powder or chunky white solid. Melting point 95-98°C. Odorless or faint aromatic odor. Low toxicity, Tasteless (numbs the tongue). pH: 6.5-7.0 (slightly acidic) in solution.

Air & Water Reactions

Water soluble [Hawley].

Reactivity Profile

Maximum stability of Propylparaben occurs at a pH of 4 to 5. Incompatible with alkalis and iron salts. Also incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids .

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for Propylparaben are not available; however, Propylparaben is probably combustible.

Flammability and Explosibility

Non flammable

Pharmaceutical Applications

Propylparaben is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, food products, and pharmaceutical formulations.
It may be used alone, in combination with other paraben esters, or with other antimicrobial agents. It is one of the most frequently used preservatives in cosmetics.
The parabens are effective over a wide pH range and have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, although they are most effective against yeasts and molds.
Owing to the poor solubility of the parabens, the paraben salts, particularly the sodium salt, are frequently used in formulations. This may cause the pH of poorly buffered formulations to become more alkaline.
Propylparaben (0.02% w/v) together with methylparaben (0.18% w/v) has been used for the preservation of various parenteral pharmaceutical formulations.

Contact allergens

This substance is one of the parabens family. Parabens are esters formed by p-hydroxybenzoic acid and an alcohol. They are largely used as biocides in cosmetics and toiletries, medicaments, or food. They have synergistic power with other biocides. Parabens can induce allergic contact dermatitis, mainly in chronic dermatitis and wounded skin.

Safety

Propylparaben and other parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetics, food products, and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Propylparaben and methylparaben have been used as preservatives in injections and ophthalmic preparations; however, they are now generally regarded as being unsuitable for these types of formulations owing to the irritant potential of the parabens. Systemically, no adverse reactions to parabens have been reported, although they have been associated with hypersensitivity reactions. The WHO has set an estimated acceptable total daily intake for methyl, ethyl, and propyl parabens at up to 10 mg/kg body-weight.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.2 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 6.33 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, SC): 1.65 g/kg

storage

Aqueous propylparaben solutions at pH 3–6 can be sterilized by autoclaving, without decomposition.At pH 3–6, aqueous solutions are stable (less than 10% decomposition) for up to about 4 years at room temperature, while solutions at pH 8 or above are subject to rapid hydrolysis (10% or more after about 60 days at room temperature).

Incompatibilities

The antimicrobial activity of propylparaben is reduced considerably in the presence of nonionic surfactants as a result of micellization. Absorption of propylparaben by plastics has been reported, with the amount absorbed dependent upon the type of plastic and the vehicle. Magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium trisilicate, yellow iron oxide, and ultramarine blue have also been reported to absorb propylparaben, thereby reducing preservative efficacy.
Propylparaben is discolored in the presence of iron and is subject to hydrolysis by weak alkalis and strong acids.

Regulatory Status

Propylparaben and methylparaben are affirmed GRAS direct food substances in the USA at levels up to 0.1%. All esters except the benzyl ester are allowed for injection in Japan. In cosmetics, the EU and Brazil allow use of each paraben at 0.4%, but the total of all parabens may not exceed 0.8%. The upper limit in Japan is 1.0%.
Accepted as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IM, IV, and SC injections; inhalations; ophthalmic preparations; oral capsules, solutions, suspensions, and tablets; otic, rectal, topical, and vaginal preparations).
Included in parenteral and nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

Propylparaben Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

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View Lastest Price from Propylparaben manufacturers

Jinan Finer Chemical Co., Ltd
Product
Propylparaben 94-13-3
Price
US $0.00/Kg/Drum
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
500mt
Release date
2020-10-19
Hebei Yime New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
Product
Propyl paraben 94-13-3
Price
US $20.00/KG
Min. Order
20KG
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
1000kg
Release date
2021-06-17
Nanjing Deda New Material Technology Co., Ltd
Product
Propylparaben 94-13-3
Price
US $10.00-5.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
99.5
Supply Ability
10 ton per month
Release date
2023-12-06

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