N-PROPYLBENZENE Property

Melting point:

-99 °C (lit.)

Boiling point:

159 °C (lit.)

Density 

0.862 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

vapor density 

4.14 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.491(lit.)

Flash point:

118 °F

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

0.06g/l

form 

Liquid

pka

>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)

color 

Clear slightly yellow

Odor Threshold

0.0038ppm

explosive limit

0.8-6%(V)

Water Solubility 

Miscible with alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene, and petroleum ether. Slightly miscible with water.

Merck 

14,7844

BRN 

1903006

Henry's Law Constant

4.35, 6.21, 8.37, 11.6, and 15.3 at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C, respectively (headspace-GC, Perlinger et al., 1993)

Dielectric constant

2.3700000000000001

Dielectric constant

2.4（20℃）

Stability:

Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

InChIKey

ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP

3.690

CAS DataBase Reference

103-65-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Benzene, propyl-(103-65-1)

EPA Substance Registry System

n-Propylbenzene (103-65-1)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xi,N,Xn,T,F

Risk Statements 

10-37-51/53-65-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11

Safety Statements 

24-37-61-62-45-36/37-16

RIDADR 

UN 2364 3/PG 3

WGK Germany 

2

RTECS 

DA8750000

Autoignition Temperature

842 °F

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

3

PackingGroup 

III

HS Code 

29029090

Hazardous Substances Data

103-65-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in rats: 6040 mg/kg (Jenner)

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H226Flammable liquid and vapour

H304May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways

H335May cause respiratory irritation

H411Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P210Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

N-PROPYLBENZENE Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

n-Propylbenzene (phenylpropane) is an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is in the form of a colorless liquid. n-Propylbenzene is found in petroleum and bituminous coal. It can used to produce cumene and methylstyrene. It is used as an organic solvent in textile dyeing and printing.

Reference

Philip H. Howard, Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data For Organic Chemicals, Volume 5; 1997, ISBN 0-87371-976-X

Chemical Properties

colourless or light yellow liquid

Physical properties

Clear, colorless, mobile liquid with an odor similar to ethylbenzene or toluene. An odor threshold concentration of 3.8 ppb_v was determined by a triangular odor bag method (Nagata and Takeuchi, 1990). Cometto-Mu?iz and Cain (1994) reported an average nasal pungency threshold concentration of 1,487 ppm_v.

Uses

n-Propylbenzene is used to prepare benzoic acid. It is employed as a solvent for gas chromatography. It is also used as a solvent and an intermediate in organic synthesis. Further, it is used in fuels and fuel additives.

Uses

In textile dyeing and printing; as solvent for cellulose acetate.

Definition

ChEBI: An alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 75, p. 3323, 1953 DOI: 10.1021/ja01110a009
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 60, p. 2430, 1995 DOI: 10.1021/jo00113a024
Tetrahedron Letters, 28, p. 3817, 1987 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)96393-7

General Description

A clear colorless liquid. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Flash point 86°F. Mildly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Used to make other chemicals.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Vigorous reactions, sometimes amounting to explosions, can result from the contact between aromatic hydrocarbons, such as PROPYL BENZENE, and strong oxidizing agents. They can react exothermically with bases and with diazo compounds. Substitution at the benzene nucleus occurs by halogenation (acid catalyst), nitration, sulfonation, and the Friedel-Crafts reaction.

Hazard

Flammable, moderate fire risk.

Health Hazard

May be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. May cause eye and skin irritation.

Fire Hazard

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Vapor may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flashback.

Source

Thomas and Delfino (1991) equilibrated contaminant-free groundwater collected from Gainesville, FL with individual fractions of three individual petroleum products at 24–25 °C for 24 h. The aqueous phase was analyzed for organic compounds via U.S. EPA approved test method 602. Average propylbenzene concentrations reported in water-soluble fractions of unleaded gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel were 246, 82, and 23 μg/L, respectively. When the authors analyzed the aqueous-phase via U.S. EPA approved test method 610, average propylbenzene concentrations in water-soluble fractions of unleaded gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel were generally lower, i.e., 210, 57, and 25 μg/L, respectively.
Schauer et al. (1999) reported propylbenzene in a diesel-powered medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 100 μg/km.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained propylbenzene at a concentration of 3.5 g/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 0.83 and 97.9 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).
Identified as one of 140 volatile constituents in used soybean oils collected from a processing plant that fried various beef, chicken, and veal products (Takeoka et al., 1996).
Drinking water standard: No MCLGs or MCLs have been proposed (U.S. EPA, 1996).

Environmental Fate

Biological. A Nocardia sp., growing on n-octadecane, biodegraded propylbenzene to phenylacetic acid (Davis and Raymond, 1981). Propylbenzene was cometabolized by a strain of Micrococcus cerificans to cinnamic acid (Pitter and Chudoba, 1990).
Estimated half-lives of propylbenzene (0.8 μg/L) from an experimental marine mesocosm during the spring (8–16 °C), summer (20–22 °C), and winter (3–7 °C) were 19, 1.3, and 11 d, respectively (Wakeham et al., 1983).
Photolytic. A rate constant of 3.7 x 10^-9 L/molecule?sec was reported for the reaction of propylbenzene with OH radicals in the gas phase (Darnall et al., 1976). Similarly, a room temperature rate constant of 5.7 x 10^-12 cm³/molecule?sec was reported for the vapor-phase reaction of propylbenzene with OH radicals (Atkinson, 1985). At 25 °C, a rate constant of 6.58 x 10-12 cm³/molecule?sec was reported for the same reaction (Ohta and Ohyama, 1985).
Chemical/Physical. Propylbenzene will not hydrolyze because it does not contain a hydrolyzable functional group (Kollig, 1993).