Cladribine
Description References- Product Name
- Cladribine
- CAS No.
- 4291-63-8
- Chemical Name
- Cladribine
- Synonyms
- CDA;Leustat;(2R,3S,5R)-5-(6-aMino-2-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxyMethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol;2CDA;CldAdo;Jk 6251;2-Cl-dA;CS-1392;rwj26251;Leustati
- CBNumber
- CB4222723
- Molecular Formula
- C10H12ClN5O3
- Formula Weight
- 285.69
- MOL File
- 4291-63-8.mol
Cladribine Property
- Melting point:
- 181-185 °C(lit.)
- alpha
- D25 -18.8° (c = 1 in DMF)
- Boiling point:
- 547.6±60.0 °C(Predicted)
- Density
- 2.03±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
- storage temp.
- -20°C
- solubility
- Slightly soluble in water, soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, slightly soluble in methanol, practically insoluble in acetonitrile. It shows polymorphism (5.9).
- form
- White solid
- pka
- 13.75±0.60(Predicted)
- color
- White to Pale Yellow
- λmax
- 265nm(EtOH aq.)(lit.)
- Merck
- 14,2337
- Stability:
- Store in Freezer
- InChIKey
- PTOAARAWEBMLNO-HSUXUTPPSA-N
- CAS DataBase Reference
- 4291-63-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
Safety
- Hazard Codes
- T
- Risk Statements
- 36/37/38-23/24/25
- Safety Statements
- 26-37/39-45-36-22
- RIDADR
- UN 2811 6.1 / PGIII
- WGK Germany
- 3
- RTECS
- AU7357560
- HS Code
- 29349990
- Hazardous Substances Data
- 4291-63-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
- Toxicity
- LD50 intraperitoneal in mouse: 150mg/kg
Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)
- Symbol(GHS)
-
- Signal word
- Danger
- Hazard statements
-
H301Toxic if swalloed
H341Suspected of causing genetic defects
H372Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
- Precautionary statements
-
P201Obtain special instructions before use.
P202Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P260Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P301+P310IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
N-Bromosuccinimide Price
- Product number
- 220467
- Product name
- 2-Chloro-2?-deoxyadenosine
- Packaging
- 10mg
- Price
- $82.8
- Updated
- 2024/03/01
- Product number
- 1134200
- Product name
- Cladribine
- Purity
- United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
- Packaging
- 200mg
- Price
- $1120
- Updated
- 2024/03/01
- Product number
- C2499
- Product name
- Cladribine
- Purity
- >98.0%(HPLC)
- Packaging
- 50mg
- Price
- $203
- Updated
- 2024/03/01
- Product number
- 12085
- Product name
- Cladribine
- Purity
- ≥98%
- Packaging
- 10mg
- Price
- $22
- Updated
- 2024/03/01
- Product number
- 12085
- Product name
- Cladribine
- Purity
- ≥98%
- Packaging
- 50mg
- Price
- $95
- Updated
- 2024/03/01
Cladribine Chemical Properties,Usage,Production
Description
Cladribine (2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine) is an adenosine deaminase-resistant analogue of deoxyadenosine. The drug has a broad range of in vitro activity against both lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms [mean IC50values (drug concentration required to inhibit cell growth by 50% of control): 20 to 87 nmol/L]. But it possesses little activity against multiple myeloma specimens and many solid tumor cell lines. Monocytes are highly sensitive to cladribine in vitro. Cladribine demonstrates activity against both dividing and nondividing cells and this activity distinguishes it from many other agents. It has activity in murine models of leukaemia. Cladribine is used to treat chronic progressive multiple sclerosis, hairy cell leukemia, systemic mastocytosis, and histiocytosis (including Erdheim–Chester disease and Langerhans cell histiocytosis).
After a 2-hour intravenous infusion of cladribine 0.14 mg/kg/day, the mean maximum plasma drug concentration was 198 nmol/L. Intracellular concentrations of phosphorylated cladribine derivatives exceed plasma concentrations 128- to 375-fold. Cladribine penetrates into the CSF. The terminal elimination half-life (6.7 hours) is long, which suggests that the drug may be administered intermittently without loss of efficacy. The volume of distribution of cladribine is 9.2 L/kg.
References
[1] J.C Sipe, J. S Romine, R. McMillan, E. Beutler, J. C. Sipe, J. S. Romine, J. Zyroff (1994) Cladribine in treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis, 344, 9-13
[2] Alan Saven, Carol Burian (1999) Cladribine Activity in Adult Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis, 93, 4125-4130
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladribine
[4] Harriet M. Bryson, Eugene M. Sorkin (1993) Cladribine: A Review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in haematological malignancies, 46, 872-894
Description
Cladribine, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, was introduced in the United States as a single intravenous treatment for hairy cell leukemia. The incorporation of a chlorine atom at the 2-position of deoxyadenosine renders cladribine more resistant to enzymatic attack by adenosine deaminase, resulting in a more prolonged cytotoxic effect. Cladribine efficiently crosses lymphocyte and monocyte cell membranes and is metabolized in cells to the biologically active triphosphate, which inhibits DNA synthesis. While most antineoplastic drugs are active primarily against dividing cells, cladribine destroys both resting and proliferating cells. Its potential uses in the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, multiple sclerosis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and various lymphomas have also been evaluated.
Chemical Properties
White Crystalline Solid
Originator
Johnson & Johnson (U.S.A.)
Uses
2-Chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine (2-CdA) is a chlorinated purine nucleoside with activity against lymphoproliferative disorders, such as hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and multiple myeloma (MM). 2-CdA resists ADA degradation and is phosphorylated to CdATP in lymphocytes. CdATP incorporation into DNA induces strand breaks and the activation of apoptosis. 2-CdA may also be used in studies involving the inhibition of DNA polymerase(s).
Cladribiane, like fludarabine, is a prodrug that is must be phosphorylated intracellularly to the monophosphate by the nuclear/cytosol enzyme deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and possibly by the mitochondrial enzyme deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK).
Uses
It is a substituted purine nucleoside with antileukemic activity
Indications
Cladribine (Leustatin) is a synthetic purine nucleoside
that is converted to an active cytotoxic metabolite by
the enzyme deoxycytidine kinase. Like the other purine
antimetabolites, it is relatively selective for both normal
and malignant lymphoid cells and kills resting as well as
dividing cells by mechanisms that are not completely
understood.
The drug is highly active against hairy cell leukemia,
producing complete remissions in more than 60% of patients
treated with a single 7-day course. Activity has
also been noted in other low-grade lymphoid malignancies.
The major side effect is myelosuppression.
Definition
ChEBI: 2'-Deoxyadenosine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine ring has been substituted by chlorine. It inhibits the synthesis and repair of DNA, particularly in lymphocytes and monocytes, and is used as an antimetabolite antineoplastic drug for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies including hairy-cell leukaemia and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
Manufacturing Process
Manufacturing process for Cladribine includes these steps as follows: Preparation of 2',3',5'-O-triacetyl guanosine;Preparation of 9-(2',3',5'-O-triacetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-amino-6- chloropurine;Preparation of 9-(2',3',5'-O-triacetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-dichloropurine;Preparation of 2-chloroadenosine;Preparation of 2-chloro-(3',5'-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxyl)adenosine; Preparation of 2-chloro-2'-O-phenoxythiocarbonyl-(3',5'-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxyl)adenosine; Preparation of 2-chloro-2'-deoxy-(3',5'-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxyl)adenosine; Preparation of 2-chloro-2'-deoxy-adenosine.
brand name
Leustatin (Ortho Biotech).
Therapeutic Function
Cytostatic
General Description
The drug is available in a 10-mg or 10-mL single-use vialfor IV use. Cladribine is used for chronic lymphocyticleukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.The mechanism of action of this purine deoxyadenosineanalog involves incorporation into DNA resultingin inhibition of DNA chain extension and inhibitionof DNA synthesis and function. This incorporation intoDNA occurs via the triphosphate metabolite active species.The 2-chloro group on the adenine ring produces resistanceto breakdown by adenosine deaminase. Resistance to the anticancereffects can occur because of decreased expressionof the activating enzyme or overexpression of the catabolicenzymes. Oral bioavailability is variable and averages about50%. The drug crosses the blood-brain barrier; however,CSF concentrations reach only 25% of those in plasma. Thedrug is selectively activated inside the cell, and intracellularconcentrations of phosphorylated metabolites exceed thosein plasma. Toxicities include myelosuppression, neutropenia,immunosuppression, fever, nausea, and vomiting.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Deoxyadenosine analog resistant to adenosine deaminase; antileukemic with immunosuppressive activity
Clinical Use
Antineoplastic agent:
Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL)
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in patients
who have failed to respond to standard regimens.
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Antipsychotics: avoid with clozapine - increased risk
of agranulocytosis.
Antivirals: avoid with lamivudine.
Caution when administering with any other
immunosuppressive or myelosuppressive therapy
Metabolism
Cladribine is extensively distributed and penetrates into
the CNS. Cladribine is phosphorylated within cells by
deoxycytidine kinase to form 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine-
5′-monophosphate which is further phosphorylated to
the diphosphate by nucleoside monophosphate kinase
and to the active metabolite 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine-5′-
triphosphate (CdATP) by nucleoside diphosphate kinase.
CdATP inhibits DNA synthesis and repair, particularly
in lymphocytes and monocytes
There is little information available on the route of
excretion of cladribine in man. An average of 18% of
the administered dose has been reported to be excreted
in urine of patients with solid tumours during a 5-day
continuous intravenous infusion.
storage
Store at +4°C
Cladribine Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
Preparation Products
Cladribine Suppliers
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View Lastest Price from Cladribine manufacturers
- Product
- Cladribine 4291-63-8
- Price
- US $0.00/KG
- Min. Order
- 1KG
- Purity
- 99%
- Supply Ability
- 500000kg
- Release date
- 2024-11-01
- Product
- Cladribine 4291-63-8
- Price
- US $145.00-0.00/g
- Min. Order
- 1g
- Purity
- 98%+
- Supply Ability
- 100kgs
- Release date
- 2021-05-19
- Product
- Cladribine 4291-63-8
- Price
- US $5.00-2.00/g
- Min. Order
- 1g
- Purity
- 99%
- Supply Ability
- 10000kg
- Release date
- 2024-08-20