ChemicalBook > CAS DataBase List > DL-Dithiothreitol

DL-Dithiothreitol

Product Name
DL-Dithiothreitol
CAS No.
3483-12-3
Chemical Name
DL-Dithiothreitol
Synonyms
DTT;DITHIOTHREITOL;DL-1,4-DITHIOTHREITOL;1,4-DITHIOTHREITOL;1,4-DITHIO-DL-THREITOL;Sputolysin;Cleland's reagent;DTT-MBG;DITHIOTHRIETOL;cis-2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-butanedithiol
CBNumber
CB6342919
Molecular Formula
C4H10O2S2
Formula Weight
154.25
MOL File
3483-12-3.mol
More
Less

DL-Dithiothreitol Property

Melting point:
41-44 °C(lit.)
Boiling point:
125 °C
alpha 
-0.2~+0.2°(20℃/D)(c=5,H2O)
Density 
1.04 g/mL at 20 °C
vapor density 
5.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure 
0.019-0.29Pa at 20-50℃
refractive index 
1.5200 (estimate)
Flash point:
>230 °F
storage temp. 
-20°C (or 4°C short term).
solubility 
H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form 
Powder
pka
pK1:8.9 (25°C)
color 
White
PH
4.0-6.0 (20-25℃, 0.1m in H2O)
Odor
Unpleasant Odor
PH Range
4 - 6 at 15,4 g/l at 25 °C
Water Solubility 
freely soluble
Sensitive 
Air Sensitive
λmax
λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.400
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.100
Merck 
14,3376
BRN 
1719757
Stability:
Stability Stable, but heat sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Keep frozen at -20 to -10 C.
InChIKey
VHJLVAABSRFDPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP
0.07 at 25℃ and pH5
CAS DataBase Reference
3483-12-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
2,3-Butanediol, 1,4-dimercapto-, (r*,r*)-(3483-12-3)
EPA Substance Registry System
1,4-Dithiothreitol (3483-12-3)
More
Less

Safety

Hazard Codes 
Xn
Risk Statements 
25-36/37/38-22-20/21/22
Safety Statements 
26-45-37/39-36
RIDADR 
UN 3335
WGK Germany 
3
RTECS 
EK1610000
3-10-16-23
TSCA 
Yes
HS Code 
29309099
Hazardous Substances Data
3483-12-3(Hazardous Substances Data)
More
Less

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H315Causes skin irritation

H318Causes serious eye damage

Precautionary statements

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

More
Less

N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
DTT-RO
Product name
DTT
Purity
1,4-Dithiothreitol
Packaging
2g
Price
$89.3
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
DTT-RO
Product name
DTT
Purity
crystalline powder, =97% (Ellman′s reagent), Mr 154.3
Packaging
10G
Price
$251
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
DTT-RO
Product name
DTT
Purity
1,4-Dithiothreitol
Packaging
25g
Price
$547
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
646563
Product name
DL-Dithiothreitol solution
Purity
1?M in H2O
Packaging
10x0.5mL
Price
$107
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
233155
Product name
Cleland’s Reagent - CAS 3483-12-3 - Calbiochem
Packaging
5G
Price
$149
Updated
2024/03/01
More
Less

DL-Dithiothreitol Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

Dithiothreitol (DTT), also known as Cleland's reagent, is a small-molecule redox reagent . Its oxidized form is a disulfide-bonded 6-membered ring. DTT has an epimeric ('sister') compound, dithioerythritol (DTE).
DTT is a white crystalline powder. It is highly soluble in water (clear solution, OD<0.05 at 0.02M), but also in ethanol, chloroform, ether and ethyl acetate.
DTT is an unusually strong reducing agent, with a redox potential of -0.33 V at pH 7. The pKa of thiol groups is typically ~8.3.

The reduction of a typical disulfide bond proceeds by two sequential thiol-disulfide exchange reactions.

Uses

Dithiothreitol is a redox reagent commonly used as a reducing agent for thiolated DNA. Dithiothreitol is also used to reduce the disulfide bonds of proteins.

Uses

DL-dithiothreitol (DTT) is a sulfhydryl compound that acts both as a reagent reducing disulfide bonds and as a protein denaturant on staphylococcal biofilm (Wu et al. 2011). Thanks to these properties, DTT is routinely used in clinical microbiology to liquefy respiratory specimens, but it has also been proven effective to detach biofilm from orthopaedic prosthesis (Drago et al. 2012, 2013). Since it is crucial to discriminate implant-related infections from aseptic loosening in orthopaedics, and because of the difficulty to diagnose subclinical infections, a prompt diagnosis of indwelling device-related infection is important for successful treatments (Borens et al. 2013). A fast microbiological diagnosis and bacterial identification should be recommended in order to set up a specific antimicrobial therapy. According to this strategy, the bacterial detachment from biofilm on explants should be accelerated by supporting the pathogen viability.

Definition

ChEBI: 1,4-dithiothreitol is the threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. It has a role as a reducing agent, a chelator and a human metabolite. It is a dithiol and a 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.

Application

Dithiothreitol (DTT) is a water-soluble reducing reagent used for various applications in biotechnology, biology and biochemistry :
reduces quantitatively disulfides, generating sulfhydryls (used typically at 1-10mM for protein SS reduction)
reduction of proteins before SDS-PAGE analysis, studies of protein structure and function (Kaji 1993)
keep sulfhydryl groups of biomolecules in the reduced state - protects biomolecules in various applications (enzymes or receptors, living cells under ionizing radiations)
prevents the fading of fluorescence such as FITC labeled conjugates (Picciolo 1984)

General Description

1,4-Dithiothreitol (DTT) is the threo isomer of 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiolbutane, and an isomer of 1,4-dithioerythritol. DTT is used in molecular biology to maintain sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in the reduced state and for quantitative reduction of disulfide (-S-S-) groups, as described by Cleland in his pioneering publication from the 1960's. Its usefulness as an reducing agent stems from its water solubility and reduced odor compared to previous thiol compounds.
DTT is oxidized to the cyclic disulfide, and thereby ensures the reduction of other disulfides in solution. The disulfide reduction is complete in minutes at pH 8. DTT is less pungent and less toxic than 2-mercaptoethanol. Typically, a 7-fold lower concentration of DTT (100 mM) is required compared to 2-mercaptoethanol (5% v/v, 700 mM).

Biochem/physiol Actions

DL-Dithiothreitol denatures proteins by reducing the disulphide bonds and reducing them to SH groups. It also prevents intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bond formation between cysteine residues of proteins.

Toxicology

The thiol-containing compound Dithiothreitol (DTT) is toxic to cultured cells by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species that ultimately cause cell death. DTT treatment triggers the transcription of the canonical apoptosis regulators grim, hid, and rpr at low amounts. The amplitude of this induction declines with elevating DTT amounts. Through Live microscopy, Wang et al. have observed apoptotic cells, especially in the gut of DTT-treated flies. In parallel, low DTT amounts also activate the expression of the cuticle barrier component gene snsl. This indicates that a physical defense response is launched upon DTT contact. This combined measure is seemingly successful in preventing fly death. The expression of several known detoxification genes, including cyp6a2, cyp6a8, cyp12d1, and GstD2, is also enhanced through DTT contact[1].

References

[1] Yiwen Wang . “Toxicity of Dithiothreitol (DTT) to Drosophila melanogaster.” Toxicology Reports 8 (2021): Pages 124-130.

Synthesis

The most widely used DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT) synthetic method is to be raw material with Soviet Union's moss sugar alcohol, use potassium permanganate oxidation earlier, obtains the sulfo-intermediate again under the thioacetic acid effect, and this sulfo-intermediate of hydrolysis obtains DTT at last.
Yu discloses a synthesizing method of DL-Dithiothreitol.1,4-butylene glycol is used as an initiating raw material and undergoes an addition reaction with bromine at first to obtain 2,3-dibromo-1,4-butylene glycol; hydrolyzation under the catalyzation of alkali is carried out to obtain dioxirane; addition reaction with thioacetic acid is carried out to obtain dithiothreitol diacetate; and finally hydrolyzation under the catalyzation of alkali is carried out to obtain the DL-Dithiothreitol.

storage

Store lyophilized at 4°C, desiccated. In lyophilized form, the chemical is stable for 12 months. Once in solution, store at -20°C and use within 3 months to prevent loss of potency. Aliquot to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles.
DTT solutions should be prepared fresh daily. If improperly stored (including room temperature and solution forms) its reducing ability may be reduced. Exposure to air should be minimized, even though DTT has a lower tendency to be oxidized directly by air than other reducing agents.
Recorded half-life of DTT solutions at various pH and temperatures (all are in M potassium phosphate buffer):
pH 6.5 @ 20°C= 40 hours
pH 7.5 @ 20°C = 10 hours
pH 8.5 @ 20°C = 1.4 hours
pH 8.5 @ 0°C = 11 hours
pH 8.5 @ 40°C = 0.2 hours
pH 8.5 @20°C (+0.1 mM Cu2+) = 0.6 hours
pH 8.5 @20°C (+0.1 mM EDTA) = 4 hours

More
Less

DL-Dithiothreitol Suppliers

ChemPep, Inc.
Tel
+1 (888) 615-9178 / (561) 791-8787
Fax
+1 (561) 791-8728
Email
service@chempep.com
Country
United States
ProdList
2138
Advantage
57
MedChemexpress LLC
Tel
021-58955995
Fax
609-228-5909
Email
sales@medchemexpress.cn
Country
United States
ProdList
4861
Advantage
58
HBCChem, Inc.
Tel
+1-510-219-6317
Fax
+1-650-486-1361
Email
sales@hbcchem.com
Country
United States
ProdList
10648
Advantage
60
CovaChem, LLC.
Tel
+1815.714.8421 (direct)
Fax
+1815.315.1272
Email
tonynooner@covachem.com
Country
United States
ProdList
89
Advantage
58
EMMX Biotechnology LLC
Tel
888-539-0666
Fax
888-539-0666
Email
info@emmx.com
Country
United States
ProdList
8447
Advantage
60
TargetMol Chemicals Inc.
Tel
+1-781-999-5354 +1-00000000000
Email
marketing@targetmol.com
Country
United States
ProdList
32165
Advantage
58
BOC Sciences
Tel
+1-631-485-4226
Fax
1-631-614-7828
Email
inquiry@bocsci.com
Country
United States
ProdList
19553
Advantage
58
Cato Research Chemicals Inc.
Tel
020-81215950 4000-868-328
Email
customer@uwalab.com
Country
United States
ProdList
10404
Advantage
58
Aladdin Scientific
Tel
+1-+1(833)-552-7181
Email
sales@aladdinsci.com
Country
United States
ProdList
57505
Advantage
58
TargetMol Chemicals Inc.
Tel
Email
support@targetmol.com
Country
United States
ProdList
38632
Advantage
58
Aceschem Inc.
Tel
+1-817863-6948 +1-(817)863-6948
Email
sales@aceschem.com
Country
United States
ProdList
19632
Advantage
58
United States Biological
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@advtechind.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6075
Advantage
58
ApexBio Technology
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@apexbt.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6251
Advantage
58
CarboMer, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@carbomer.com
Country
United States
ProdList
4026
Advantage
67
MedChemExpress
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@medchemexpress.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6398
Advantage
58
Riedel-de Haen AG
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
6773
Advantage
87
TCI America
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@tciamerica.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6909
Advantage
75
Frontier Scientific, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@frontiersci.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6222
Advantage
86
ProteoChem Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
info@proteochem.com
Country
United States
ProdList
74
Advantage
38
Anvia Chemicals, LLC
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@anviachem.com
Country
United States
ProdList
3933
Advantage
0
3B Scientific Corporation
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@3bsc.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6962
Advantage
56
Chem-Impex International, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
6730
Advantage
64
Beta Pharma, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@betapharma.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6226
Advantage
60
Waterstone Technology, LLC
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@waterstonetech.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6786
Advantage
30
Naugra Export
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
1332
Advantage
47
AllStar Scientific, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
info@allstarsci.com
Country
United States
ProdList
8
Advantage
46
FERMENTAS Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
335
Advantage
82
Richman Chemical Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
kac@richmanchemical.com
Country
United States
ProdList
692
Advantage
67
Promega Corporation
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
techserv@promega.com
Country
United States
ProdList
612
Advantage
82
PhytoTechnology Laboratories
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
cs@phytotechlab.com
Country
United States
ProdList
143
Advantage
71
Krackeler Scientific Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
office@krackeler.com
Country
United States
ProdList
74
Advantage
71
HONEST JOY HOLDINGS LIMITED
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@honestjoy.cn
Country
United States
ProdList
6675
Advantage
54
3B Scientific Corporation
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@3bsc.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6718
Advantage
47
United States Biological
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
chemicals@usbio.net
Country
United States
ProdList
6214
Advantage
80
AK Scientific, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@aksci.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6347
Advantage
65
TimTec Corporation
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
1945
Advantage
58
Dudley Chemical Corp.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
dudley@dudley-chem.com
Country
United States
ProdList
687
Advantage
64
Geno Technology, Inc
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
order@gbiosciences.com
Country
United States
ProdList
38
Advantage
77
Sciencelab.com, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
accounting@sciencelab.com
Country
United States
ProdList
4159
Advantage
82
Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
1945
Advantage
71
Medical Isotopes
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
stohler@medicalisotopes.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6181
Advantage
68
Kainic.com
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
info@Kainic.com
Country
United States
ProdList
330
Advantage
38
American Bioanalytical
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
wenli@smith.edu
Country
United States
ProdList
167
Advantage
69
ChromaDex
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@chromadex.com
Country
United States
ProdList
2501
Advantage
76
ChemService Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
6379
Advantage
68
EMD Chemicals Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
emdinfo@emdchemicals.com
Country
United States
ProdList
1525
Advantage
77
ChemSampCo, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@chemsampco.com
Country
United States
ProdList
3585
Advantage
60
ChemPacific Corporation
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@chempacific.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6891
Advantage
51
Integra Chemical Company
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
chemicals@integrachem.com
Country
United States
ProdList
716
Advantage
51
Alfa Aesar
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
tech@alfa.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6814
Advantage
81
More
Less

View Lastest Price from DL-Dithiothreitol manufacturers

HEBEI SHENGSUAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO.,LTD
Product
DL-Dithiothreitol 3483-12-3
Price
US $100.00-75.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
5000Ton
Release date
2024-08-12
Hebei Zhuanglai Chemical Trading Co.,Ltd
Product
DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol 3483-12-3
Price
US $10.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
20ton
Release date
2024-05-21
WUHAN FORTUNA CHEMICAL CO., LTD
Product
DL-Dithiothreitol 3483-12-3
Price
US $1.00/g
Min. Order
1g
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
200kg/month
Release date
2021-06-10

3483-12-3, DL-DithiothreitolRelated Search:


  • DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol, 1M solution in water, for molecular biology
  • Dithiothreitol ,98%
  • DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol,DTT
  • DTT DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol
  • DL-Dithiothreitol ,99% [for Molecular biology]
  • DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol, DNAse, RNAse and Protease free, for Molecular b
  • DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol, DNAse, RNAse and Protease free, for Molecular biology, 99+% 1GR
  • DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol, for biocheMistry, 99% 1GR
  • DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol, for biocheMistry, 99% 5GR
  • (+/-)-THREO-1,4-DIMERCAPTO-2,3-BUTANEDIOL
  • THREO-1,4-DIMERCAPTO-2,3-BUTANEDIOL
  • THREO-2,3-DIHYDROXY-1,4-DITHIOBUTANE
  • THREO-2,3-DIHYDROXY-1,4-DITHIOLBUTANE
  • DL-DITHIOTHREITOL SIGMAULTRA
  • 1,4-DITHIO-DL-THREITOL SOL., FOR MOL. BI OL.,1 M IN WATER
  • DL-DITHIOTHREITOL ELECTROPHORESIS*REAGEN T
  • Dithiothreitol(D.T.T.)
  • 1,4-Dithiothreitol=DTT
  • Cleland's Reagent DL-2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-butanedithiol DL-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol DL-DTT
  • Cleland's Reagent, Dithiothreitol, DTT
  • DL-Dithiothreitol ,99% [for electrophoresis]
  • DL-Dithiothreitol,threo-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol, Cleland’s reagent, DTT
  • (2S,3S)-1,4-diMercaptobutane-2,3-diol
  • DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT) Solution,100MM
  • DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol SynonyMs: Dithiothreitol
  • Dithiothreitol, for Molecular biology
  • DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT)
  • Dithiothreitol, for electrophoresis
  • 4-dimercapto-3-butanediod-threo-1
  • Cleland regent
  • D-Dtt
  • d-threo-1,4-dimercapto-2,3-butanediol
  • D-threo-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol,
  • Sputolysin
  • Threitol, 1,4-dithio-
  • wr34678
  • DL-DITHIOTHREITOL
  • DL-THREO-2,3-DIHYDROXY-1,4-DITHIOLBUTANE
  • DL-2,3-DIHYDROXY-1,4-BUTANEDITHIOL
  • DL-1,4-DIMERCAPTO-2,3-BUTANEDIOL
  • DL-1,4-DITHIOTHREITOL
  • DITT
  • (+/-)-DITHIOTHREITOL
  • DITHIOTHREITOL
  • DITHIOTHREITOL, 1,4-
  • DITHIOTHRIETOL
  • DL-DTT
  • DTT (RACEMIC)
  • DTT-MBG
  • CGMP DTT
  • dithiositol
  • (2R,3R)-rel-1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol
  • DTT for molecular biology
  • Cleland’s Reagent - CAS 3483-12-3 - Calbiochem
  • Cleland’s Reagent, ULTROL Grade - CAS 3483-12-3 - Calbiochem
  • SPUTOLYSIN Reagent - CAS 578517 - Calbiochem
  • (2S,3S:2R,3R)-THREO-1,4-DIMERCAPTO-2,3-BUTANEDIOL
  • 2,3-BUTANEDIOL, 1,4-DIMERCAPTO-(R*,R*)-