Tylosin Property

Melting point:

135-137°C

alpha 

D25 -46° (c = 2 in methanol)

Boiling point:

796.05°C (rough estimate)

Density 

1.1424 (rough estimate)

refractive index 

1.5280 (estimate)

storage temp. 

Sealed in dry,2-8°C

solubility 

DMF: 30 mg/ml; DMSO: 25 mg/ml; Ethanol: 30 mg/ml

form 

A crystalline solid

pka

pKa 7.73(H2O t = 25 I = 0.167) (Uncertain)

color 

White to light yellow

Water Solubility 

H2O: soluble 50 mg/mL

Stability:

Solutions are stable at pH 4-9 (most stable at pH 7);
Below pH 4 tylosin B (desmycosin) is formed as a result of acid hydrolysis;
In neutral and alkaline pH – tylosin aldol (TAD) is formed together with polar degradation products of unknown identity;
When tylosin solution is exposed to daylight, a photodegradation product - isotylosin A (isoTA) is formed.

InChI

InChI=1S/C46H77NO17/c1-13-33-30(22-58-45-42(57-12)41(56-11)37(52)26(5)60-45)18-23(2)14-15-31(49)24(3)19-29(16-17-48)39(25(4)32(50)20-34(51)62-33)64-44-38(53)36(47(9)10)40(27(6)61-44)63-35-21-46(8,55)43(54)28(7)59-35/h14-15,17-18,24-30,32-33,35-45,50,52-55H,13,16,19-22H2,1-12H3/b15-14+,23-18+/t24-,25+,26-,27-,28+,29+,30-,32-,33-,35+,36-,37-,38-,39-,40-,41-,42-,43+,44+,45-,46-/m1/s1

InChIKey

WBPYTXDJUQJLPQ-VMXQISHHSA-N

SMILES

C1(=C[C@H](CO[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]2OC)[C@@H](CC)OC(=O)C[C@H]([C@H](C)[C@H]([C@@H](CC=O)C[C@@H](C)C(C=C1)=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@](O)(C)C2)[C@@H]([C@H]1O)N(C)C)C)O)C |t:0,37|

EPA Substance Registry System

Tylosin (1401-69-0)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xn,N

Risk Statements 

42/43-50

Safety Statements 

36-61-45-36/37-22

HS Code 

2941906000

Hazardous Substances Data

1401-69-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

Tylosin base and its salts were shown to be of low acute oral toxicity with LD50 values in excess 5000 mg/kg bw in the rat and mouse and greater than 800 mg/kg bw in the dog.

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H317May cause an allergic skin reaction

H334May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P272Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P284Wear respiratory protection.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P333+P313IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.

Tylosin Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Occupational exposure concerns farmers, breeders, animal-feed workers and veterinarians.

Description

Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by S. fradiae that has bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It is a mixture of tylosin A, B, C, and D, with tylosin A contributing 80% of its bacteriostatic activity. Tylosin has MIC values of 9.6, 16.4, 0.1, 1, and 0.5 μg/ml for F. necrophorum, A. pyogenes, M. gallisepticum, S. aureus, and S. uberis, respectively.,, Formulations containing tylosin have been used for the prevention of liver abscesses in cattle. Tylosin is an environmental contaminant because it is not fully metabolized by treated livestock and enters the environment through manure-based fertilizers.

Chemical Properties

Off-White to Pale Yellow Solid.
Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic which is active against certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive mycoplasmas. It consists predominantly of tylosin(factor A), but varying amounts of desmycosin (factor B), macrocin (factor C) and relomycin(factor D) may also be present, depending on the manufacturing source. Most of themicrobiological activity resides with tylosin factor A.

Tylosin is a weak organic base with a high degree of lipid solubility, thus it is well distributed to the organs and tissues of animals (Burrows, 1980).
Tylosin is used in pigs, cattle and poultryfor the treatment of conditions caused by sensitive organisms. It may be administered by oral orparenteral routes. Tylosin is not used in human medicine.

Uses

Macrolide antibiotic isolated from a strain of Streptomycetes fradiae found in soil from Thailand. Antibacterial.

Uses

paramagnetic agent

Uses

Tylosin is a 16-membered macrocyclic lactone isolated from Streptomyces fradiae in 1961. Tylosin has broad spectrum antibacterial activity and was developed as a veterinary pharmaceutical for treatment of bacterial infections in a range of domestic animals . Tylosin acts by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis in bacteria.

Definition

ChEBI: A macrolide antibiotic that is tylonolide having mono- and diglycosyl moieties attached to two of its hydroxy groups. It is found naturally as a fermentation product of Streptomyces fradiae.

Indications

In cattle, tylosin is used for treatment of BRD caused by Mannheimia, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni (formerly Haemophilus somnus). It is used for interdigital necrobacillosis (foot rot) in cattle caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum or Bacteroides melaninogenicus. In pigs, it is used for treatment of swine arthritis caused by Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, swine pneumonia caused by Pasteurella spp., swine erysipelas caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, swine dysentery associated with Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae, and proliferative enteropathy caused by L. intracellularis. For treatment in pigs, it is also added to feed (Type A–medicated feed article) or drinking water. In small animals, it is used for gram-positive soft tissue and skin infections. However, the most common use in dogs is for treatment of diarrhea, referred to as antibiotic-responsive diarrhea, that has not responded to other treatments. The etiology of the diarrhea is not known but may be caused by Clostridium or Camphylobacter. For this use, the powdered formulation (swine formulation) is most often added to food daily for maintenance.

brand name

Tylan (Lilly).

Contact allergens

Tylosin is a macrolid antibiotic used in veterinary medicine. Occupational exposure concerns farmers, breeders, animal feed workers, and veterinarians.

Mechanism of action

Tylosin is a 16-membered macrolide approved for therapy of a variety of infections in pigs, cattle, dogs, and poultry (see indications below). It is formulated as tylosin tartrate or tylosin phosphate. Like other macrolide antibiotics, tylosin inhibits bacteria by binding to the 50S ribosome and inhibiting protein synthesis. Spectrum of activity is limited primarily to gram-positive aerobic bacteria. Clostridium and Campylobacter are usually sensitive. The spectrum also includes the bacteria that cause BRD. Escherichia coli and Salmonella are resistant. In pigs, Lawsonia intracellularis is sensitive.

Side effects

Tylosin may cause diarrhea in some animals. However, oral treatment for colitis in dogs has been administered for several months with safety. Skin reactions have been observed in pigs. Oral administration to horses has been fatal.

Safety Profile

Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also TnOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE.

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

Although the injectable form of tylosin is approved for use in dogs and cats, it is rarely used parenterally in those species. Oral tylosin is sometimes recommended for the treatment of chronic colitis in small animals (see Doses), but controlled studies documenting its efficacy have not been performed.
Tylosin is also used clinically in cattle and swine for infections caused by susceptible organisms.

Solubility in organics

soluble in lower alcohols, esters, ketones,chlorinated hydrocarbons, benzene, ether, chloroform.