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Analytical Chemistry

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Analytical chemistry is the subject for the method and basic principle of studying and identifying of the composition, status, structure of matter as well as determination of related content. It is an important branch of chemistry subject. Analytical chemistry plays an important role in not only its own development but also in various fields related to the chemistry. We can say that all the practice of any human activity involving chemical phenomena is inseparable from analytical chemistry. Now, people have developed various kinds of different analytical methods, which can be classified based on an analysis task, analysis object, the basis of the analysis, requirement of the analysis and sample dosage.

According to the analysis tasks, it can be divided into qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and structural analysis. Task of qualitative analysis is to identify the elements, radicals, functional groups or compounds that constituting the substances; the task of the quantitative analysis is to determine the content of the related components in the sample; the task of structural analysis is to study the molecular structure or crystal structure of the material.

(1) According to the analysis objects, it can be divided into organic and inorganic analysis; the object for the inorganic analysis is inorganic substance; the object of organic analysis is organic substance. In the inorganic analysis, it is generally required to determine what elements, ions, radicals or compounds that constitutes the sample and measure the percentage of each component; and sometimes it is also necessary for determination of the crystal structure; in the organic analysis, it not only requires the identification of the constituent elements, but also, more importantly, should do the structure analysis and functional group analysis.
(2) According to whether the analysis is based on the physical properties or chemical properties of the substance, it can be divided into instrumental analysis and chemical analysis. Depending on the specific requirements, it can be divided into routine analysis, rapid analysis and arbitration Analysis. Routine analysis refers to the general daily laboratory production analysis, also known as conventional analysis; rapid analysis is a kind of routine analysis and is mainly applied to the control of the production process, demanding the report of the results in the shortest possible time with the error generally being allowed to be greater; arbitration analysis is needed when there is controversy in the analysis results from different institute, demanding related department to conduct accurate analysis using specific method in order to determine the accuracy of the results of the original analysis.
(3) According to the amount of the sample, it can be generally divided into constant (> 0.1g), semi-micro (0.01 ~ 0.1g) and trace (1 ~ 10mg) analysis.
(4) In the inorganic qualitative chemical analysis, people generally apply semi-micro method while people generally apply constant analysis in the quantitative chemical analysis. According to the relative amounts of the analyzed components contained in the sample, it is also roughly divided into constant component analysis (> 1%), minor component analysis (0.01 to 1%) and trace components analysis (<0.01%). For the analysis of some trace amount of components contained in some kinds of complicated mixture and some substances, it is necessary to perform separation and enrichment. This produces a series of separation techniques, such as extraction, distillation, ion exchange, chromatography, sedimentation and flotation separation, these chemical separation techniques are an integral part of the analysis.

Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Analytical Chemistry is briefly referred to environmental analysis. It is a kind of subject to study the types, components of pollutants in the environment as well as how to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on the chemical contaminants in the environment. It is a branch of environmental chemistry.

Environmental analytical chemistry emerged, developed and improved during the process of solving environmental problems. In 1950s, the public nuisance disease occurred in Japan had alerted the whole world. In order to find the cause of public nuisance disease, after experiencing as long as 11 years, later, the chemists of environmental analysis had applied light spectrum and identified that the river in Itai-itai disease area contained harmful elements such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and so on. Further by means of tracking element analysis of the soil and food in the disease area, people had found high lead and cadmium content. Later, people had further conducted spectral quantitative analysis on the body and bone of the patients in the disease area and found that the bone ashes contained alarmingly high content of zinc, lead and cadmium. To determine the causative agent, people further incorporated zinc, lead and cadmium into the food for feeding animals and conduct trace elemental analysis for animals and confirmed the serious harm of cadmium on the bone, revealing the cause of the Itai-itai disease. The development of modern science, especially the development of modern chemistry, physics, mathematics, electronics, biology, as well as the emergence of accurate, reliable, sensitive, selective, rapid, simple environmental pollution analysis technology and automation equipment, has been resulting in the maturation of environmental analytical chemistry. Environmental analytical chemistry now has penetrated into all areas of the entire environmental science subject. It is the most effective means of access to environmental information quality.
The objects of the environmental analytical chemistry research are quite complicated, including air, water, soil, sediment, minerals, waste, animals, plants, food, and human tissue. The content of chemical elements or compound to be determined in the environmental analytic chemistry is very low, with the absolute content being within the level of 10-6 to 10-12 grams.


The analysis technology in the environmental analytical chemistry is developing towards the direction of continuous automation, computerization and joint combination of various methods and instruments. Currently applied automatic analysis methods include colorimetric analysis, ion selective electrode, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, polarography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis. Laser, as the light source of analytical chemistry technique, has also been applied. Since the laser analysis has properties of high resolution, high sensitivity, long-range and short-term, the laser technology will play a pivotal role in the development of environmental analytical chemistry.

With the deepened development of environmental science, environmental analytical chemistry is often demanded for trace levels and ultra-trace-level detection and analysis, therefore, high sensitivity. Thus study of analysis methods of high sensitivity, good selectivity, rapid trace and ultra trace will become the major development direction for environmental analysis in the near future.

Qualitative Analysis of Chemistry
Qualitative analytic chemistry is the subject to identify the chemical elements and atoms groups contained in the sample. It is a branch subject of the analysis chemistry. Its purpose is to ascertain the chemical composition of the research object (specimen).
The major research content of the qualitative analytic chemistry includes:

1 the tested samples were analyzed separately. Namely take part of the sample and use exclusive reaction to detect a desire detection component.
2 systematic analysis of the samples. This means successively apply a few selective reactions for gradual separation of the ions followed by separation of each group until separating to only one substance and finally apply confirming reaction to ascertain the existence of this substance. The most famous cation system analysis method is H2S system. In recent years, due to the use of advanced equipment, qualitative analysis has also rapidly developed together with multivariate analysis and has also become an important direction for analytical chemistry.

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Chemical Name:
Nirmatrelvir Impurity 8
Chemical Name:
Nirmatrelvir Impurity 2
Chemical Name:
(5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methanamine hydrochloride
Chemical Name:
Rocuronium Bromide Impurity 24 、25
Chemical Name:
(5R,6S)-6-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one
Chemical Name:
Roxadustat Impurity 17
Chemical Name:
Perospirone Impurity 20
CAS:
1002359-81-0
Chemical Name:
Dolutegravir Impurity 19
Chemical Name:
Cephalexin Impurity I
Chemical Name:
Fondaparinux sodium impurity 6
Chemical Name:
Fondaparinux sodium impurity 2
Chemical Name:
Oxacillin sodium Impurity I
Chemical Name:
Mixture of Cefoxitin Impurity E&F
Chemical Name:
Revefenacin Impurity 22
Chemical Name:
Lasmiditan Impurity 7
Chemical Name:
Febuxostat impurity BAC
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-1-NAPHTHALENOL
CAS:
866018-46-4
MF:
C16H14Cl2O
Chemical Name:
(S)-6-(benzyloxy)-8-(oxiran-2-yl)-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-CHLORO-N-(2,3-DIMETHYL-PHENYL)-ACETAMIDE
CAS:
2564-07-0
MF:
C10H12ClNO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Benzylidene isobutyryl acetanilide
CAS:
125971-57-5
MF:
C19H19NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ISOPROPYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
CAS:
15572-56-2
MF:
C3H10ClN
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(E)-(3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-1(2H)-naphthalenylidene)acetonitrile
CAS:
178676-65-8
MF:
C13H13NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(E)-(3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-1(2H)-naphthalenylidene)acetonitrile
CAS:
178676-65-8
MF:
C13H13NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(E)-(3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-1(2H)-naphthalenylidene)acetonitrile
CAS:
178676-65-8
MF:
C13H13NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(E)-(3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-1(2H)-naphthalenylidene)acetonitrile
CAS:
178676-65-8
MF:
C13H13NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(E)-(3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-1(2H)-naphthalenylidene)acetonitrile
CAS:
178676-65-8
MF:
C13H13NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-[(2-[(E)-2-(3-ETHYL-1,3-BENZOTHIAZOL-3-IUM-2-YL)ETHENYL]-6-((E)-2-[3-ETHYL-1,3-BENZOTHIAZOL-2(3H)-YLIDENE]ETHYLIDENE)-4-METHYL-1-CYCLOHEXEN-1-YL)OXY]-1-PROPANESULFONATE
MF:
C32H36N2O4S3
Chemical Name:
Bimatoprost Impurity 15
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Bisoprolol Impurity 9
CAS:
59383-52-7
MF:
C15H25NO3
Chemical Name:
Empagliflozin Impurity 87
Chemical Name:
Amoxicillin USP Impurity M
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Aztreonam Impurities 06
CAS:
730928-60-6
MF:
C26H34N10O16S4
Chemical Name:
sodium (4-(2-(2-amino-1-methyl-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl)benzoyl)-L-glutamate
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Lenvatinib Impurity LFZZ-9
MF:
C43H38Cl2N8O8
Chemical Name:
Rosuvastatin Impurity 118
Chemical Name:
Rosuvastatin Impurity 117
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Cytarabine Impurity 10
CAS:
84902-98-7
MF:
C4H6N2O3
Chemical Name:
Ticagrelor Impurity 108
Structure:
Chemical Name:
6-BROMO-3 H-ISOBENZOFURAN-1-ONE
CAS:
19477-73-7
MF:
C8H5BrO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
TOPOTECANACETATE
CAS:
123948-88-9
MF:
C25H27N3O7
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Vancomycin Impurity J
CAS:
2416251-24-4
MF:
C66H75Cl2N9O24
Structure:
Chemical Name:
dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarb oxylate
CAS:
21829-09-4
MF:
C17H18N2O6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Metronidazole IMpurity (1-Methyl-4-Nitro-1H-IMidazole)
CAS:
143508-97-8
MF:
C2H3NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
benidipine
CAS:
119009-45-9
MF:
C28H31N3O6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(S)-Phenylephrine hydrochloride
CAS:
939-38-8
MF:
C9H14ClNO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
L-erythro-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)serine
CAS:
34047-62-6
MF:
C9H11NO5
Chemical Name:
(S)-6-(benzyloxy)-8-(oxiran-2-yl)-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one
Chemical Name:
Odaterol Impurity 35
Chemical Name:
Imimidistine impurity I
Structure:
Chemical Name:
ethylmethylglycinexylidide
CAS:
74634-66-5
MF:
C13H20N2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
riboflavin 3',5'-bisphosphate
CAS:
86108-26-1
MF:
C17H22N4O12P2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Notoginsenoside FP1
CAS:
1004988-73-1
MF:
C47H80O18
Structure:
Chemical Name:
6 beta-hydroxycortisol
CAS:
53-35-0
MF:
C21H30O6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
16-hydroxyclarithromycin
CAS:
124412-58-4
MF:
C38H69NO14
Chemical Name:
cefdinir
Chemical Name:
ACICLOVIR, Impurity J
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1H-Inden-1-amine, 2,3-dihydro-N-2-propen-1-yl-
CAS:
91639-43-9
MF:
C12H15N
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Salbutamol impurity 42
CAS:
18910-69-5
MF:
C14H23NO3
Chemical Name:
(E)-8-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)
Chemical Name:
tert-butyl (3R,5R)-7-((3R,5R)-7-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-3,5-dihydroxyheptanamido)-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(+)-Mediresinol Di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
CAS:
88142-63-6
MF:
C33H44O17
Chemical Name:
(trans)-3-(4-((trans)-1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)butane-1,2,4-triol
Chemical Name:
Cefdinir CP Impurity B
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Voriconazole Impurity 15
CAS:
321589-00-8
MF:
C22H19F4N7O
Chemical Name:
Fluconazole Impurity 2
Chemical Name:
Imatinib EP Impurity D Chloride
Chemical Name:
Favipiravir Impurity
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Vildagliptin Dione Impurity
CAS:
1844894-70-7
MF:
C17H24N2O3
Chemical Name:
Adsorption of hydrogen sulfide Adsorption of impurities in water filter material
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Citalopram impurity 9/Citalopram EP Impurity C Oxalate Salt/3-Oxo Citalopram Oxalate Salt/Citalopram Related Compound C Oxalate Salt/3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-cyano-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone oxalate
CAS:
1440961-11-4
MF:
C22H21FN2O6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxamide, 5-[(Z)-(5-fluoro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-
CAS:
2170562-55-5
MF:
C18H18FN3O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Apixaban Impurity 70
CAS:
1998079-14-3
MF:
C44H40N8O9
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Favipiravir Impurity 14
CAS:
356783-49-8
MF:
C5HClFN3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Posaconazole Impurity 93
CAS:
165115-82-2
MF:
C19H19F2IO2
Chemical Name:
N-Dealkyl Flurazepam (Midazolam impurity)
Chemical Name:
4-((3-amino-1H-indazol-5-yl)methyl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one
Chemical Name:
AMIKACIN IMPURITY A
Structure:
Chemical Name:
FUROSEMIDE IMPURITY A
MF:
C12H11ClN2O5S
Chemical Name:
GLICLAZIDE IMPURITY F
Chemical Name:
ONDANSETRON IMPURITY D
Chemical Name:
PERINDOPRIL IMPURITY A
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(E)-Ceftiofur
CAS:
120882-20-4
MF:
C19H17N5O7S3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Azlocillin Opern-Ring Decarboxylation Impurity
CAS:
99795-14-9
MF:
C19H25N5O5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Cefotiam Impurity 1
CAS:
2243596-87-2
MF:
C18H23N9O4S3
Chemical Name:
Eribulin Impurity 3
Chemical Name:
sodium 2-(2-(4-((4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl)-1-oxidopiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)acetate
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Brivaracetam Impurity 25
CAS:
10547-88-3
MF:
C7H12O2
Chemical Name:
(S)-N-((R)-1-amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-3-(bromomethyl)hexanamide
Chemical Name:
Peramivir Impurity 19
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-PIPERAZINE-4-AMINO-6,7-DIMETHOXY QUINOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE
CAS:
84050-22-6
MF:
C14H20ClN5O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid monoisopropyl ester
CAS:
116983-17-6
MF:
C18H20N2O6
Chemical Name:
Cabozantinib impurity 37
Chemical Name:
4-(1-bromoethyl)-6-(1-(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl)ethyl)-5-fluoropyrimidine
Chemical Name:
ethyl 6-bromo-4,7-bis((dimethylamino)methyl)-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-((phenylthio)methyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate
Chemical Name:
Dapoxetine impurity 53
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Apigenin 4'-O-(2'',6''-di-O-E-p-coumaroyl)glucoside
CAS:
71781-79-8
MF:
C39H32O14
Chemical Name:
Dapoxetine impurity 70
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Bosutinib Impurity 38
CAS:
2095306-26-4
MF:
C46H44Cl4N8O6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(2RS)-2-(4-ETHYLPHENYL)PROPANOIC ACID
CAS:
3585-52-2
MF:
C11H14O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-Piperidinecarboxylic acid, 1-[5-[[[4-(4-chloro-2-thienyl)-5-(4-cyclohexyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-thiazolyl]amino]carbonyl]-3-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl]-
CAS:
1290121-42-4
MF:
C29H35ClN6O4S2