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tert-Butanol

Product Name
tert-Butanol
CAS No.
75-65-0
Chemical Name
tert-Butanol
Synonyms
TBA;BUTANOL;TERT-BUTYL ALCOHOL;BUTAN-1-OL;2-METHYLPROPAN-2-OL;t-Butanol;2-METHYL-2-PROPANOL;2-Propanol, 2-methyl-;TERTIARY BUTYL ALCOHOL;T-BUTYL ALCOHOL
CBNumber
CB5206388
Molecular Formula
C4H10O
Formula Weight
74.12
MOL File
75-65-0.mol
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tert-Butanol Property

Melting point:
23-26 °C (lit.)
Boiling point:
83 °C (lit.)
Density 
0.775 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density 
2.55 (vs air)
vapor pressure 
31 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index 
n20/D 1.399(lit.)
Flash point:
95 °F
storage temp. 
Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility 
water: miscible
pka
19(at 25℃)
form 
Liquid After Melting
color 
APHA: ≤20
Relative polarity
0.389
Odor
Characteristic; camphor-like; pungent.
PH Range
7
Odor Threshold
4.5ppm
explosive limit
2.3-8.0%(V)
Water Solubility 
soluble
λmax
λ: 215 nm Amax: 1.00
λ: 230 nm Amax: 0.50
λ: 250 nm Amax: 0.20
λ: 300-350 nm Amax: 0.01
JECFA Number
85
Merck 
14,1542
BRN 
906698
Henry's Law Constant
1.22 at 25 °C (static headspace-GC, Merk and Riederer, 1997)
Exposure limits
TLV-TWA 300 mg/m3 (100 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 8000 ppm.
Dielectric constant
7.8(19℃)
Stability:
Stable. Very flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, copper, copper alloys, alkali metals, aluminium.
InChIKey
DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP
0.350
CAS DataBase Reference
75-65-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
Ethanol, 1,1-dimethyl-(75-65-0)
EPA Substance Registry System
tert-Butanol (75-65-0)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
Xn,F,T
Risk Statements 
11-20-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-36/37
Safety Statements 
9-16-45-36/37-7-46-26
RIDADR 
UN 1120 3/PG 3
WGK Germany 
1
RTECS 
EO1925000
Autoignition Temperature
896 °F
TSCA 
Yes
HazardClass 
3
PackingGroup 
II
HS Code 
29051410
Hazardous Substances Data
75-65-0(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
LD50 orally in rats: 3.5 g/kg (Schaffarzick, Brown)
IDLA
1,600 ppm
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements

H225Highly Flammable liquid and vapour

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H332Harmful if inhaled

H335May cause respiratory irritation

H336May cause drowsiness or dizziness

Precautionary statements

P210Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.

P233Keep container tightly closed.

P240Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.

P241Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
BX1805
Product name
tert-Butyl Alcohol
Purity
Meets ACS Specifications GR ACS
Packaging
1L
Price
$198
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
BX1805
Product name
tert-Butyl Alcohol
Purity
Meets ACS Specifications GR ACS
Packaging
20L
Price
$493
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
BX1805
Product name
tert-Butyl Alcohol
Purity
Meets ACS Specifications GR ACS
Packaging
4L
Price
$520
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
8.22264
Product name
tert-Butanol
Purity
EMPLURA?
Packaging
1L
Price
$94
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
8.22264
Product name
tert-Butanol
Purity
EMPLURA?
Packaging
25L
Price
$1060
Updated
2024/03/01
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tert-Butanol Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

tert-Butanol (CH3)3COH is a white crystalline solid or colorless liquid (above 77 °F) with a camphor-like odor (IPCS, 1987a; NIOSH, 2005). It is soluble in water and miscible with alcohol, ether, and other organic solvents (IPCS, 1987a). It is highly flammable and easily ignited by heat, sparks, or flames; vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Fire and explosion may result from contact with oxidizing agents, strong mineral acids, or strong hydrochloric acid (NIOSH,1992).
tert-Butanol has been used for a variety of other purposes, including as a dehydrating agent and solvent. tert-butanol is a polar organic solvent that is used in such large scale applications as the manufacture of flavors, perfumes, and paint removers. It is also utilized as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol.
Tert-butanol is a metabolite of the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).
tert-Butanol also is used to manufacture methyl methacrylate plastics and flotation devices. Cosmetic and food-related uses include the manufacture of flavors, and, because of its camphor-like aroma, it also is used to create artificial musk, fruit essences, and perfume (HSDB, 2007). It is used in coatings on metal and paperboard food containers (Cal/EPA, 1999) and industrial cleaning compounds, and can be used for chemical extraction in pharmaceutical applications (HSDB, 2007).

Physical properties

tert-Butanol is a colorless liquid or crystals with a camphor-like odor. A detection odor threshold concentration of 2,900 mg/m3 (957 ppmv) was experimentally determined by Dravnieks (1974). In a later study, Nagata and Takeuchi (1990) reported an odor threshold concentration 220 ppbv.

Uses

tert-Butanol is used in the production of tert-butyl chloride, tert-butyl phenol, andisobutylene; in the preparation of artificial musk; and in denatured alcohols.

Uses

tert-Butanol is used as a solvent (e.g., for paints, lacquers, and varnishes); as a denaturant for ethanol and several other alcohols; as an octane booster in gasoline; as a dehydrating agent; as a chemical intermediate in the manufacturing of methyl methacrylate; and in the manufacturing of flotation agents, fruit essences, and perfumes.

Uses

Plastics, lacquers, cellulose esters, fruit essences, perfumes, and chemical intermediates; additive to unleaded gasoline

Production Methods

tert-Butanol is produced as a by-product from the isobutane oxidation process for manufacturing propylene oxide. It is also produced by the acidcatalyzed hydration of isobutylene, a process no longer used in the United States.

Definition

Tert-butanol is a tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It derives from a hydride of an isobutane.

General Description

Colorless oily liquid with a sharp alcohol odor. Floats and mixes with water. Produces irritating vapor. Freezing point is 78°F.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile

Attacks plastics. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 236]. Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: an explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenylm-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73 1967; J, Org. Chem. 28:1893 1963]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites [NFPA 491 M 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969].

Hazard

Irritant to eyes and skin. Flammable, dan- gerous fire risk. Central nervous system impair- ment. Questionable carcinogen.

Health Hazard

tert-Butanol is more toxic than secbutylalcohol but less toxic than the primaryalcohol. However, its narcotic actionis stronger than that of n-butanol. Inhalationmay cause drowsiness and mild irritationof the skin and eyes. Ingestion may produceheadache, dizziness, and dry skin.Acute oral LD50 value (rats): 3500 mg/kg.

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water: No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Moderately explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to flame. Ignites on contact with potassium-sodum alloys. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. Incompatible with oxidizing materials, H202. See also n-BUTYL ALCOHOL and ALCOHOLS.

Potential Exposure

tert-Butanol is used as solvents for paints, lacquers, varnishes, natural and synthetic resins, gums, vegetable oils, dyes, camphor, and alkaloids. They are also used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and chemicals; In the manufacture of artificial leather, safety glass; rubber and plastic cements, shellac, raincoats, photographic films, perfumes; and in plastic fabrication.

Carcinogenicity

There were increased incidences of renal tubule adenoma and carcinoma in male rats, transitional epithelia hyperplasia of the kidney in male and female rats, follicular cell adenoma of the thyroid in female mice, and follicular cell hyperplasia of the thyroid and inflammation and hyperplasia of the urinary bladder in male and female mice. In addition, a slight increase in follicular cell adenoma or carcinoma of the thyroid (combined) in male mice may have been related to exposure to t-butyl alcohol. t-Butyl alcohol was inactive on mouse skin as a complete carcinogen or as a tumor promoter.

Source

Detected in a distilled water-soluble fraction of 94 octane unleaded gasoline at a concentration of 3.72 mg/L (Potter, 1996)

Shipping

UN1120 Butanols, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3— Flammable liquid. UN1212 Isobutanol or Isobutyl alcohol, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3—Flammable liquid

Purification Methods

tert-Butanol is synthesised commercially by the hydration of 2-methylpropene in dilute H2SO4. Dry it with CaO, K2CO3, CaSO4 or MgSO4, filter and fractionally distil it. Dry further by refluxing with, and distilling from, either magnesium activated with iodine, or small amounts of calcium, sodium or potassium, under nitrogen. Passage through a column of type 4A molecular sieve is another effective method of drying; as well as refluxing with tert-butyl phthalate or succinate. (For method see Ethanol.) Other methods include refluxing with excess aluminium tert-butylate, or standing with CaH2, and distilling as needed. Further purification is achieved by fractional crystallisation by partial freezing, taking care to exclude moisture. tert-Butyl alcohol samples containing much water can be dried by adding *benzene, so that the water distils off as a tertiary azeotrope, b 67.3o. Traces of isobutylene have been removed from dry tert-butyl alcohol by bubbling dry pre-purified nitrogen through for several hours at 40-50o before using. It forms azeotropic mixtures with a large number of compounds. It has also been purified by distillation from CaH2 into Linde 4A molecular sieves which had been activated at 350o for 24hours [Jaeger et al. J Am Chem Soc 101 717 1979]. [Beilstein 1 IV 1609.] Rapid purification: Dry tert-butanol over CaH2 (5% w/v), distil and store it over 3A molecular sieves.

Incompatibilities

tert-Butanol is incompatible with strong acids (including mineral acid), including mineral acids; strong oxidizers or caustics, aliphatic amines; isocyanates, alkali metals (i.e., lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium).

Waste Disposal

Incineration, or bury absorbed waste in an approved land fill.

tert-Butanol Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

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View Lastest Price from tert-Butanol manufacturers

Jinan Finer Chemical Co., Ltd
Product
tert-Butanol 75-65-0
Price
US $0.00/Kg/Drum
Min. Order
155KG
Purity
99.5%
Supply Ability
5000mt
Release date
2020-08-21
Henan Fengda Chemical Co., Ltd
Product
tert-Butanolvv 75-65-0
Price
US $50.00-1.00/KG
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
g-kg-tons, free sample is available
Release date
2023-12-22
Weijer International Trade (Hebei) Co., Ltd
Product
tert-Butanol 75-65-0
Price
US $499.00/KG
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
>99%
Supply Ability
50000kg/Month
Release date
2023-03-16

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