PACAP38
Gene, mRNA, and precursor Synthesis and release Receptors Agonist and antagonist Biological functions Clinical implications- Product Name
- PACAP38
- CAS No.
- 137061-48-4
- Chemical Name
- PACAP38
- Synonyms
- Pacap;ADCYAP1;PACAP-38;Peptide pacap;PACAP 38, OVINE;PACAP-38 HUMAN, SHEEP;PACAP-38 (HUMAN, OVINE, RAT);Rabbit Anti-PACAP-38 antibody;PACAP (1-38), HUMAN, OVINE, RAT;PACAP (1-38) (HUMAN, SHEEP, RAT)
- CBNumber
- CB5698835
- Molecular Formula
- C203H331N63O53S1
- Formula Weight
- 4534.26
- MOL File
- Mol file
PACAP38 Property
- RTECS
- TO7345000
- storage temp.
- -20°C
- form
- White to off-white solid
- Water Solubility
- Soluble to 0.90 mg/ml in water
- Sequence
- H-His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Tyr-Lys-Gln-Arg-Val-Lys-Asn-Lys-NH2
Safety
- WGK Germany
- 3
N-Bromosuccinimide Price
- Product number
- A1439
- Product name
- Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-38
- Packaging
- 0.1mg
- Price
- $202.8
- Updated
- 2024/03/01
- Product number
- 05-23-2150
- Product name
- PACAP 38, Ovine
- Purity
- More active than vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in stimulating adenylate cyclase (EC?? = 7 nM).
- Packaging
- 0.1MG
- Price
- $161
- Updated
- 2024/03/01
- Product number
- 05-23-2150
- Product name
- PACAP 38, Ovine - CAS 137061-48-4 - Calbiochem
- Purity
- More active than vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in stimulating adenylate cyclase (EC?? = 7 nM).
- Packaging
- 1mg
- Price
- $711
- Updated
- 2023/01/07
- Product number
- J66444
- Product name
- PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat
- Packaging
- 0.5mg
- Price
- $269
- Updated
- 2021/12/16
- Product number
- J66444
- Product name
- PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat
- Packaging
- 1mg
- Price
- $506
- Updated
- 2021/12/16
PACAP38 Chemical Properties,Usage,Production
Gene, mRNA, and precursor
The human preproPACAP gene, ADCYAP1, location 18p11, consists of five exons. PACAP mRNA of about 3.0 kb has been detected in the human and rat by northern blotting analysis. Bioactive PACAP27 and PACAP38 were generated by processing with PC1 and PC2 from the precursor. The gene structure and its mRNA size are well conserved among teleosts, amphibians, and mammals.
Synthesis and release
PACAP synthesis and release are stimulated by nerve growth factor (NGF) and cAMP inducer in nervous tissues. PACAP stimulates biosynthesis by itself, indicating that PACAP regulates its expression level via the autocrine/paracrine system
Receptors
PACAP and VIP share three types of GPCRs with seven transmembrane domains: PAC1 receptor (PAC1R), and VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors (VPAC1R, VPAC2R). PACAP binds to VPAC1R and VPAC2R with a similar affinity to that of VIP, while PACAP interacts with PAC1R with 1000 times higher affinity than VIP. PAC1R has various splicing forms that differ in the presence or absence of two cassettes, termed HIP and HOP, in the region of the third cytoplasmic loop (e.g., PAC1R-short, PAC1R-hop1, PAC1R-hop2, PAC1R-hip). These cassettes contribute to the regulation of the signal transduction pathway.
Agonist and antagonist
Maxadilan is a specific agonist of PAC1R isolated from the sand fly saliva, and the modification peptide M65 works as a PAC1R-specific antagonist. PACAP6–38, missing 1–5 aa residues from the N-terminal of PACAP38, is a potential antagonist of PAC1R and VPAC2-R. VIP-6-28, missing 1–5 aa residues from the N-terminal of VIP, is a potential antagonist of VPAC1- R and VPAC2-R.
Biological functions
PACAP has pleiotropic functions in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. PACAP acts as a neurotransmitter (neuromodulator), neuroprotectant, neurite outgrowth factor, and inducer of neural stem cell differentiation into astrocytes in nervous tissues. In peripheral tissues, PACAP acts as a bronchodilator, vasodilator, smooth muscle relaxant, adrenergic secretagogue in the adrenal gland, insulin secretagogue in the pancreas, inducer of spermatogenesis in testis, and immunosuppressor. PACAP also regulates the synthesis and secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland.
Clinical implications
PACAP may play an important role in primary headaches. The intravenous injection of PACAP induces migraine-like attacks in migraineurs and cluster-like attacks in cluster headache patients, and plasma concentrations of PACAP are elevated in spontaneous attacks of cluster headache and migraines.
Description
PACAP consists of 27 or 38 aa residues and belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily. PACAP has pleiotropic functions, acting as a neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system as well as a vasodilator, insulin secretagogue, smooth muscle relaxant, and immunosuppressor in peripheral tissues. PACAP was first isolated in 1989 from the extract of ovine hypothalamus on the basis of its ability to elevate cAMP levels in rat anterior pituitary cells.
Uses
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-38 has been used to test its effect in stimulating the formation of cyclic AMP hypothalamus and cerebral cortex slices of chicken and to treat glioblastoma cells (U87MG) in cell migration assay to test its anti-invasive effects.
General Description
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38) is mapped to human chromosome 18. 27-residue-amidated fragment (PACAP27) comprises another isoform. The PACAP38 is major isoform associated with mammals.
Biological Activity
Endogenous neuropeptide showing considerable homology with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Potently stimulates adenylyl cyclase.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38) is a cardioprotectant and may help in treating radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). It plays a protective role during oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. PACAP38 has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory property. It is implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine and cluster headache.
storage
Store at -20°C
Structure and conformation
PACAP38, consisting of 38 aa residues, was the first
isolated, followed by PACAP27, lacking 11 aa residues
from the C-terminal of PACAP38. The C-terminal of both
PACAPs was amidated. PACAP belongs to the secretin/
glucagon superfamily, and its closest member is the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), which shows 68% aa
sequence identity. Human PACAPs are derived from a
176-aa residue precursor, located in the C-terminus, next
to the PACAP-related peptide (PRP) . The
PACAP precursor is cleaved by various prohormone convertases (PCs) to generate PACAP27 or PACAP38. From
the evolutionary aspect of the superfamily, the ancestral
peptide emerged about 700 million years ago, and
PACAP was established by gene duplication, exon duplication, and exon deletion. The PACAP sequence is well
conserved in vertebrates, and is perfectly conserved in
mammals. Stingray PACAP has 44 aa residues with two predicted processing sites, suggesting that
the processing site of preproPACAP shows diversity in
species. Human PACAP27, theoretical Mr 3147.6, pI 9.70;
human PACAP38, theoretical Mr 4534.3, pI 10.41.
PACAP is freely soluble in water and ethanol. PACAP
solution in water is unstable at 4°C, but is stable for a year
at -80°C at 0.1mM.
PACAP38 Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
Preparation Products
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View Lastest Price from PACAP38 manufacturers
- Product
- PACAP38 137061-48-4
- Price
- US $25.00/box
- Min. Order
- 1box
- Purity
- 99%
- Supply Ability
- 20000
- Release date
- 2024-04-12
- Product
- Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 137061-48-4
- Price
- US $15.00-10.00/KG
- Min. Order
- 1KG
- Purity
- 99%+ HPLC
- Supply Ability
- Monthly supply of 1 ton
- Release date
- 2021-07-10
- Product
- Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 137061-48-4
- Price
- US $15.00-10.00/KG
- Min. Order
- 1KG
- Purity
- 99%+ HPLC
- Supply Ability
- Monthly supply of 1 ton
- Release date
- 2021-07-09