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Poly(acrylic acid)

Product Name
Poly(acrylic acid)
CAS No.
9003-01-4
Chemical Name
Poly(acrylic acid)
Synonyms
PAA;9003-1-4;mw;VINYL RESIN;Acrylate polymer;ACRYLIC ACID POLYMER;CARBOPOL 934;CARBOPOL 941;Acrylicresin;KABOMU
CBNumber
CB8708560
Molecular Formula
C5H10O2
Formula Weight
102.1317
MOL File
9003-01-4.mol
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Poly(acrylic acid) Property

Melting point:
95 °C
Boiling point:
116 °C
Density 
1.2 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure 
2.64-3.57hPa at 20-25℃
refractive index 
n20/D 1.442
Flash point:
100 °C
storage temp. 
2-8°C
solubility 
Swellable in water and glycerin and, after neutralization, in ethanol (95%). Carbomers do not dissolve but merely swell to a remarkable extent, since they are three-dimensionally crosslinked microgels.
form 
Powder
color 
White
Water Solubility 
Soluble in water.
Dielectric constant
2.7 - 4.5(0.0℃)
InChIKey
WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP
0.23-0.27 at 20℃ and pH3.59-3.63
IARC
3 (Vol. 19, Sup 7) 1987
EPA Substance Registry System
Polyacrylic acid (9003-01-4)
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Safety

Hazard Codes 
C,T,Xi
Risk Statements 
45-46-34-36/37/38
Safety Statements 
53-45-36-27-26
WGK Germany 
1
RTECS 
AT4680000
TSCA 
Yes
HS Code 
39069090
Hazardous Substances Data
9003-01-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
LD50 oral in rat: 2500mg/kg
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Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements

H340May cause genetic defects

H350May cause cancer

Precautionary statements

P201Obtain special instructions before use.

P202Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P308+P313IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.

P405Store locked up.

P501Dispose of contents/container to..…

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N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
181285
Product name
Poly(acrylic acid)
Purity
average Mv ~450,000
Packaging
5g
Price
$57.2
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
181285
Product name
Poly(acrylic acid)
Purity
average Mv ~450,000
Packaging
100g
Price
$207
Updated
2024/03/01
Alfa Aesar
Product number
044669
Product name
Poly(acrylic acid), 25 wt% soln. in water
Packaging
100g
Price
$51.6
Updated
2024/03/01
Alfa Aesar
Product number
044669
Product name
Poly(acrylic acid), 25 wt% soln. in water
Packaging
500g
Price
$168
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
523925
Product name
Poly(acrylic acid) solution
Purity
average Mw ~100,000, 35 wt. % in H2O
Packaging
100ml
Price
$73.8
Updated
2024/03/01
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Poly(acrylic acid) Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Description

Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) is hygroscopic, brittle and colorless in nature with Tg at nearly 106oC. At temperatures above 200 to 250oC, it loses water and becomes an insoluble crosslinked polymer anhydride. Solubility of dried PAA in water increases with rise in temperatures. Concentrated solutions of PAA in water is thixotropic in nature.
Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a hydrophilic colloidal solution, similar in properties to water-soluble natural gums. It is a clear, colorless, viscous stable solution. Applications include the modification of aqueous formulations for such end uses as cleaners, binders, adhesives, and emulsion paints. The sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are effective thickeners and dispersants useful in both natural and synthetic latex systems. PAA in ceramic applications improves dry strength, dispersant action, and improved workability of the clays. PAA is stable to hydrolysis and is not susceptible to bacterial degradation.

Description

For a description of unrelated compounds expanded by twocarbon units,Poly acrylic acid (PAA or Carbomer) is generic name for synthetic high molecular weight polymers of acrylic acid. They may be homopolymers of acrylic acid, crosslinked with an allyl ether pentaerythritol, allyl ether of sucrose or allyl ether of propylene. In a water solution at neutral pH, PAA is an anionic polymer, i.e. many of the side chains of PAA will lose their protons and acquire a negative charge. This makes PAAs polyelectrolytes, with the ability to absorb and retain water and swell to many times their original volume. Dry PAAs are found in the market as white and fluffy powders. Carbomer codes (910, 934, 940, 941 and 934P) are an indication of molecular weight and the specific components of the polymer. For many applications PAAs are used in form of alkali metal or amonium salts e.g. sodium polyacrylate.

Chemical Properties

white powder

Chemical Properties

Carbomers are white-colored, ‘fluffy’, acidic, hygroscopic powders with a characteristic slight odor. A granular carbomer is also available (Carbopol 71G).

Uses

Polyacrylic acid is used in disposable diapers and in ion exchange resins. It is also used to study solute diffusion in polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylic acid copolymer hydrogel. It is also employed as a thickening, suspending, emulsifying and dispersing agent in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, adhesives and paints. Further, it is used for the preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-polyacrylic acid copolymer which responds to both temperature and pH stimuli. In addition to this, it is used in preparing block copolymer of oligo (methyl methacrylate)/PAA for micellar delivery of hydrophobic drugs.

Uses

Applications of PAA may include: · to study solute diffusion in Polyvinyl alcohol/PAA copolymer hydrogel · synthesizing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-PAA copolymer which responds to both temperature and pH stimuli · in preparing block copolymer of oligo (methyl methacrylate)/PAA for micellar delivery of hydrophobic drugs · as thickening agent for adhesives

Uses

carboxypolymethylene is a binder, film-former and emulsion stabilizer. It can also help increase product viscosity.

Production Methods

Carbomers are synthetic, high-molecular-weight, crosslinked polymers of acrylic acid. These acrylic acid polymers are crosslinked with allyl sucrose or allyl pentaerythritol. The polymerization solvent used previously was benzene; however, some of the newer commercially available grades of carbomer are manufactured using either ethyl acetate or a cyclohexane–ethyl acetate cosolvent mixture. The Carbopol ETD and Carbopol Ultrez polymers are produced in the cosolvent mixture with a proprietary polymerization aid.

Definition

ChEBI: An acrylic macromolecule, composed of acrylic acid repeating units.

Application

Poly acrylic acid and its derivatives are used in disposable diapers,ion exchange resins and adhesives. They are also popular as a thickening, dispersing, suspending and emulsifying agents in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and paints. PAA inactivates the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate.

brand name

Carbopol 934 (Noveon).

General Description

Poly(acrylic acid) solution (PAA) is an anionic polymer that can be synthesized by the free radical polymerization of acrylic acid. It has a swelling nature that tends to absorb and retain the water. Its high ion exchange capacity makes it useful in the formation of membranes.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Carbomers are used in liquid or semisolid pharmaceutical formulations as rheology modifiers. Formulations include creams, gels, lotions and ointments for use in ophthalmic, rectal, topical and vaginal preparations. Carbomer grades with residual benzene content greater than 2 ppm do not meet the specifications of the PhEur 6.4 monograph. However, carbomer having low residuals of other solvents than the ICH-defined ‘Class I OVI solvents’ may be used in Europe. Carbomer having low residuals of ethyl acetate, such as Carbopol 971P NF or Carbopol 974P NF, may be used in oral preparations, in suspensions, capsules or tablets. In tablet formulations, carbomers are used as controlled release agents and/or as binders. In contrast to linear polymers, higher viscosity does not result in slower drug release with carbomers. Lightly crosslinked carbomers (lower viscosity) are generally more efficient in controlling drug release than highly crosslinked carbomers (higher viscosity). In wet granulation processes, water, solvents or their mixtures can be used as the granulating fluid. The tackiness of the wet mass may be reduced by including talc in the formulation or by adding certain cationic species to the granulating fluid. However, the presence of cationic salts may accelerate drug release rates and reduce bioadhesive properties. Carbomer polymers have also been investigated in the preparation of sustained-release matrix beads, as enzyme inhibitors of intestinal proteases in peptide-containing dosage forms, as a bioadhesive for a cervical patch and for intranasally administered microspheres, in magnetic granules for site-specific drug delivery to the esophagus, and in oral mucoadhesive controlled drug delivery systems. Carbomers copolymers are also employed as emulsifying agents in the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions for external administration. Carbomer 951 has been investigated as a viscosity-increasing aid in the preparation of multiple emulsion microspheres. Carbomers are also used in cosmetics. Therapeutically, carbomer formulations have proved efficacious in improving symptoms of moderate-to-severe dry eye syndrome.

Safety

Carbomers are used extensively in nonparenteral products, particularly topical liquid and semisolid preparations. Grades polymerized in ethyl acetate may also be used in oral formulations. There is no evidence of systemic absorption of carbomer polymers following oral administration. Acute oral toxicity studies in animals indicate that carbomer 934P has a low oral toxicity, with doses up to 8 g/kg being administered to dogs without fatalities occurring. Carbomers are generally regarded as essentially nontoxic and nonirritant materials; there is no evidence in humans of hypersensitivity reactions to carbomers used topically.
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 2.5 g/kg for carbomer 934
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 2.5 g/kg for carbomer 934P
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 2.5 g/kg for carbomer 940
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.04 g/kg for carbomer 934P
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.04 g/kg for carbomer 940
LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.07 g/kg for carbomer 934P
LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.07 g/kg for carbomer 940
LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.6 g/kg for carbomer 934P
LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.6 g/kg for carbomer 934
LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.6 g/kg for carbomer 940
LD50 (rat, oral): 10.25 g/kg for carbomer 910
LD50 (rat, oral): 2.5 g/kg for carbomer 934P
LD50 (rat, oral): 4.1 g/kg for carbomer 934
LD50 (rat, oral): 2.5 g/kg for carbomer 940
LD50 (rat, oral): > 1g/kg for carbomer 941
No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) (rat, dog, oral): 1.5 g/kg for carbomer homopolymer type B.

storage

Carbomers are stable, hygroscopic materials that may be heated at temperatures below 1048℃ for up to 2 hours without affecting their thickening efficiency. However, exposure to excessive temperatures can result in discoloration and reduced stability. Complete decomposition occurs with heating for 30 minutes at 2608℃. Dry powder forms of carbomer do not support the growth of molds and fungi. In contrast, microorganisms grow well in unpreserved aqueous dispersions, and therefore an antimicrobial preservative such as 0.1% w/v chlorocresol, 0.18% w/v methylparaben–0.02% w/v propylparaben, or 0.1% w/v thimerosal should be added. The addition of certain antimicrobials, such as benzalkonium chloride or sodium benzoate, in high concentrations (0.1% w/v) can cause cloudiness and a reduction in viscosity of carbomer dispersions. Aqueous gels may be sterilized by autoclaving with minimal changes in viscosity or pH, provided care is taken to exclude oxygen from the system, or by gamma irradiation, although this technique may increase the viscosity of the formulation. At room temperature, carbomer dispersions maintain their viscosity during storage for prolonged periods. Similarly, dispersion viscosity is maintained, or only slightly reduced, at elevated storage temperatures if an antioxidant is included in the formulation or if the dispersion is stored protected from light. Exposure to light causes oxidation that is reflected in a decrease in dispersion viscosity. Stability to light may be improved by the addition of 0.05–0.1% w/v of a water-soluble UV absorber such as benzophenone-2 or benzophenone-4 in combination with 0.05–0.1% w/v edetic acid.
Carbomer powder should be stored in an airtight, corrosionresistant container and protected from moisture. The use of glass, plastic, or resin-lined containers is recommended for the storage of formulations containing carbomer.

Advantages

The advantages of acrylic resins are :
Better stain protection (wash ability)
Water resistance
Better adhesion
Better blocking ('strap down')
Resist cracking and blistering better
Resistance to alkali cleaners.

Current market and forecast

The global demand on acrylic resin approached roughly US $ 14.5 billion in 2011. With an annual growth rate of 4 - 5 % , the acrylic resin market is expected to reach US $ 16.6 billion by 2014 and US$22 billion by 2020. Acrylic resins are used in a wide range of applications for the outstanding chemical characteristics and unique aesthetic properties. Currently, the strongest demand comes from automotive and medical device markets, and paints & coatings, adhesive & sealant and construction & architecture are the major application markets for acrylic resin.

Formulae

Acrylic resin is a general term for any one of the plastics (resin) generated through chemical reaction by applying polymerization initiator and heat to a monomer.
The chemical name for the resin produced from the methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). MMA is a transparent and colorless fluid substance.One of the main characteristic features of PMMA is its high transparency. With its high weather resistance, it has been known to last over 30 years, it does not easily turn yellow or crumble when exposed to sunlight. Polymethyl methacrylate is used not only for transparent windows in aquariums but also for various items such as signboards in places like convenience stores, taillights of automobiles, bathtub liners, sinks, cell phone display screens, backlight optical waveguides for liquid crystal displays (LCD) and so on.

Incompatibilities

Carbomers are discolored by resorcinol and are incompatible with phenol, cationic polymers, strong acids, and high levels of electrolytes. Certain antimicrobial adjuvants should also be avoided or used at low levels. Trace levels of iron and other transition metals can catalytically degrade carbomer dispersions.
Certain amino-functional actives form complexes with carbomer; often this can be prevented by adjusting the pH of the dispersion and/or the solubility parameter by using appropriate alcohols and polyols.
Carbomers also form pH-dependent complexes with certain polymeric excipients. Adjustment of pH and/or solubility parameter can also work in this situation.

Regulatory Status

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral suspensions, tablets; ophthalmic, rectal, topical, transdermal preparations; vaginal suppositories). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in Europe. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal Ingredients.

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Poly(acrylic acid) Suppliers

Guangdong Wengjiang Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
Tel
0751-2886766 13927870850
Fax
0751-2886756
Email
3001267247@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
10079
Advantage
58
Sigma-Aldrich
Tel
021-61415566 800-8193336
Email
orderCN@merckgroup.com
Country
China
ProdList
51471
Advantage
80
Hubei Lingyan Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Tel
13297019205
Email
2413323910@QQ.COM
Country
China
ProdList
358
Advantage
58
Hubei Kemedi Chemical Co., LTD
Tel
18372743325
Email
1034180792@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
430
Advantage
58
Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co., Ltd
Tel
027-027-59207852 13308628970
Fax
QQ:2779667926
Email
buy@fortunachem.com
Country
China
ProdList
2640
Advantage
58
Qiyuan (Guangdong) Pharmaceutical Chemical Co., Ltd.
Tel
400-666-9280 18026564465
Email
304903156@qq.com
Country
China
ProdList
8011
Advantage
58
Tianjin Zhongxin Chemtech Co., Ltd.
Tel
022-66880623
Fax
86(0)22-66880086
Email
sales@tjzxchem.com
Country
China
ProdList
614
Advantage
60
J & K SCIENTIFIC LTD.
Tel
010-82848833 400-666-7788
Fax
86-10-82849933
Email
jkinfo@jkchemical.com
Country
China
ProdList
96815
Advantage
76
Meryer (Shanghai) Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Tel
4006608290; 18621169109
Fax
86-21-61259102
Email
market03@meryer.com
Country
China
ProdList
40241
Advantage
62
future industrial shanghai co., ltd
Tel
400-0066400 13621662912
Fax
021-55660885
Email
sales@jonln.com
Country
China
ProdList
1998
Advantage
65
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View Lastest Price from Poly(acrylic acid) manufacturers

Sinoway Industrial co., ltd.
Product
Carbomer 980/940 9003-01-4
Price
US $0.00/Kg/Bag
Min. Order
2Kg/Bag
Purity
99% up
Supply Ability
20 tons
Release date
2022-09-07
Hebei Yime New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
Product
carbomer 940 9003-01-4
Price
US $20.00/KG
Min. Order
100KG
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
1000kg/day
Release date
2023-11-09
Henan Tengmao Chemical Technology Co. LTD
Product
Poly 9003-01-4
Price
US $110.00-90.00/kilogram
Min. Order
1kilogram
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
10 tons/per week
Release date
2024-01-25

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