2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene Property

Melting point:

48-50 °C(lit.)

Boiling point:

315 °C(lit.)

Density 

314

vapor density 

6.98 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

1 hPa (106 °C)

refractive index 

1.5857

Flash point:

367 °F

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

solubility 

alcohol: very slightly soluble (cold)(lit.)

form 

Crystalline Mass, Chunks or Crystals and Powder

color 

Yellow to brown

Odor

Almond-like

explosive limit

1.9-22%(V)

Water Solubility 

insoluble

Merck 

14,2136

BRN 

613161

Stability:

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, ammonia. Reacts violently with hydrazine hydrate.

LogP

2.24 at 23.3℃ and pH3.5-5.5

CAS DataBase Reference

97-00-7(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Benzene, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-(97-00-7)

EPA Substance Registry System

2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (97-00-7)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

T,N

Risk Statements 

23/24/25-33-50/53-43-41-38

Safety Statements 

28-36/37-45-60-61-28A-24

RIDADR 

UN 3441 6.1/PG 2

WGK Germany 

2

RTECS 

CZ0525000

Autoignition Temperature

464 °C

Hazard Note 

Toxic

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

2904 99 00

HazardClass 

6.1

PackingGroup 

II

Hazardous Substances Data

97-00-7(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 640 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 130 mg/kg

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H310Fatal in contact with skin

H315Causes skin irritation

H317May cause an allergic skin reaction

H318Causes serious eye damage

H373May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P262Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P310IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

yellow crystals with an almond odour

Uses

1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds. It has been used as alkylating agent to evaluate the depletion of intracellular erythrocyte glutathione (GSH). It is an irreversible inhibitor of human thioredoxin reductase.

Uses

1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is a benzene derivative and is used in biochemical research as a substrate for glutathione S-transferase.

Production Methods

Although chlorobenzene can be dinitrated directly, this results in unnecessary isomer problems. 4-Chloronitrobenzene is usually nitrated with mixed acid (35/65) at 60 ℃ to give the pure dinitro isomer. However, 2- chloronitrobenzene can be nitrated to produce 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene, together with ca. 10 wt % of the isomeric 2- chloro- 1,3-dinitrobenzene. This may be separated for disposal, but the mixed isomers are preferably used directly if tolerated by the end product (e.g., sulfur dyes).

Definition

ChEBI: 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene is a C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions. It has a role as an epitope, an allergen and a sensitiser. It is a C-nitro compound and a member of monochlorobenzenes.

General Description

Pale yellow needles, almond odor.

Reactivity Profile

Self-reactive, [Halpern, Chem. and Eng. News, 29:2666(1951)]. The mixture of 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene with hydrazine hydrate caused a violent reaction.

Hazard

Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. Combustible. Upper explosive limit 22%. A skin irritant.

Health Hazard

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

Fire Hazard

Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

Contact allergens

This substance is one of the strongest primary skin irritants known, and a universal contact allergen. Occupational dermatitis has been reported, but current use is decreasing or performed with completely closed systems. DNCB is sometimes used for topical treatment of alopecia areata, severe warts, and cutaneous metastasis of malignant melanoma

Safety Profile

Poison by skin contact and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A severe human skin and eye irritant. Acts as a primary irritant as well as a sensitizer of skin. An allergen. Mutation data reported. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. A moderate explosion hazard when exposed to flame, sparks, heated to 1 50°, or when shocked in a sealed container. Explosive reaction with ammonia at 17O℃/40 bar. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical. Reacts violently with hydrazine sulfate or hydrazine hydrate. See also NITRO COMPOUNDS of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.

Purification Methods

Usually it is recrystallised from EtOH or MeOH. It has also been crystallised from Et2O, *C6H6, *C6H6/pet ether or isopropyl alcohol. A preliminary purification step is to pass its solution in *benzene through an alumina column. It has also been purified by zone refining. It exists in three forms: one stable and two unstable. The stable form crystallises as yellow needles from Et2O, m 51o, b 315o/760mm with some decomposition, and is soluble in EtOH. A labile form also crystallises from Et2O, m 43o, and is more soluble in organic solvents. The second labile form has m 27o. [Hoffman & Dame, J Am Chem Soc 41 1015 1919, Welsh J Am Chem Soc 63 3276 1941, J Chem Soc 2476 1957, Beilstein 5 IV 744.]