Arginine derivatives Asparagine derivatives Aspartic acid derivatives Cysteine derivatives Glutamine derivatives Glutamic acid derivatives Glycine derivative Histidine derivatives Isoleucine derivatives Leucine derivatives Lysine derivatives Methionine derivatives Phenylalanine derivatives Proline derivatives Serine derivatives Threonine derivatives Tryptophan derivatives Tyrosine derivatives Valine derivatives Alanine derivatives Methionine derivatives BOC-amino acid Cbz-amino acid FMOC-amino acid α-Amino acid Other Amino Acid Protection Amino alcohol derivative Amino acid salts Amino acid esters Other amino acid derivatives Natural amino acids and derivatives
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Amino Acids and Derivatives

Arginine derivatives Asparagine derivatives Aspartic acid derivatives Cysteine derivatives Glutamine derivatives Glutamic acid derivatives Glycine derivative Histidine derivatives Isoleucine derivatives Leucine derivatives Lysine derivatives Methionine derivatives Phenylalanine derivatives Proline derivatives Serine derivatives Threonine derivatives Tryptophan derivatives Tyrosine derivatives Valine derivatives Alanine derivatives Methionine derivatives BOC-amino acid Cbz-amino acid FMOC-amino acid α-Amino acid Other Amino Acid Protection Amino alcohol derivative Amino acid salts Amino acid esters Other amino acid derivatives Natural amino acids and derivatives
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Amino acids and their derivatives belong to a compound containing both amino group and carboxyl group. They are presented in both the form of free-state and bound-state in vivo. Free amino acids are distributed in all kinds of animal cells and body fluids with the bound amino acids being the mainly basic components of proteins and peptides.

Natural amino acids act as colorless crystalline materials with relatively high melting points being mostly above 200 ℃. They are usually soluble in water but insoluble in non-polar organic solvents. However, tyrosine and cystine are insoluble in water; proline and hydroxyl proline are soluble in ethanol and ether. All amino acids are soluble in strong acid and alkali solution.

According to the polar characterization of the R group of the side chain of the α-amino acid; those 20 common amino acids that constitute protein can be divided into four groups:
① Amino acids with R group being non-polar; There are 8 kinds in total, wherein five kinds have aliphatic side chains, namely alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine and proline; two kinds are aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine and tryptophan; one kind belongs to sulfur-containing amino acid, namely methionine; amino acids belonging to this group have lower water solubility than polar R-group amino acid; proline is generally different with α-amino acid, it is formed through the substitution of one hydrogen atom of the amino acid with the side chains of the α- amino acid, belonging actually to imino acid.
② Amino acids with polar but non-charged R group; There are seven kinds in total, namely serine, threonine and tyrosine with R group having hydroxy group; cysteine with R group having a mercapto group of cysteine; glutamine and asparagine with R-group containing amide group, another amino acid is glycine ; glycine molecule has no R group, but having certain polarity, and thus being classified into this group; the side chains in this group of amino acid contain unassociated polar groups and can form hydrogen bonds with water, and is easily soluble in water.
③Amino acids with R group being positively charged amino acids. There are three kinds in total, namely, lysine, arginine, and histidine; they carry positive charge at pH7.0 and are also known as alkaline amino acids.
④Amino acids with R group being negatively charged. There are two kinds in total, namely glutamate and aspartate; at pH7.0, the molecules are negatively charged, also known as acidic amino acids. The formula, abbreviations symbols and related constants of 20 kinds of amino acid structures can be seen from the table. In addition to the 20 common amino acids mentioned above, there are also diiodotyrosine, thyroxine, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine existing in certain proteins. In addition to amino acids involved in protein composition, it has been also found of more than 200 kinds of other kinds amino acids in a variety of tissues and cells; these amino acids are mostly derivatives of those α- amino acid composition of proteins.

However, there are some β-, γ- or δ- amino acids and some amino acids belong to D-type amino acids such as [beta]-alanine, [gamma]-aminobutyric acid and the phenylalanine contained in the antibiotics gramicidin-S, the D-alanine and D-glutamate contained in Gram-positive bacteria cell wall. Some non-protein amino acids can act as metabolically important precursors or intermediates, wherein β-alanine is the precursors of vitamin pantothenic acid; ornithine, and citrulline are the precursors in the synthesis of arginine; [gamma]-aminobutyric acid is the chemical neurotransmitter. Plants contain a large amount of non-protein amino acids, belonging to plant secondary substances, such as theanine, canavanine, djenkolic acid, β- Cyanoalanine and so on.

In addition to 20 kinds of amino acids found in the body and animal protein products, it has been found of nearly 200 kinds of other kinds of amino acids in nature. Most of them have been discovered in the plant kingdom and have complex molecular structures with no relation with the protein metabolism. There have been less that have been seen in the animal kingdom with some of them being originated from the chemical modification of certain incorporated amino acids in the specific proteins, for example, the proline and lysine contained in collagen protein are often partially subject to re-hydroxylation of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine; Another example is that there are often a small amount of lysine and histidine contained in actin and myosin protein containing hypermethylated εN methyl-lysine and 3N-histidine; it has been also found in the histone protein that the ∈ amino group contained in lysine is acetylated and the OH group in the serine is phosphorylated; thyroglobulin contains iodinated tyrosine and thyronine iodide; The heavy chain of τ myosin and the N-terminal of certain proteins contain pyroglutamate formed by glutamine; there also exists the cystine constituting of two cysteine molecules in the general protein.

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Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-NITRO-L-TYROSINE ETHYL ESTER HYDROCHLORIDE
CAS:
66737-54-0
MF:
C11H15ClN2O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
BZ-MET-NH2
CAS:
52811-71-9
MF:
C12H16N2O2S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-DICHLOROACETYL-L-SERINE SODIUM SALT
CAS:
80174-64-7
MF:
C5H7Cl2NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
FMOC-L-PHE(4-GUANIDINO-BOC2)-OH
CAS:
187283-25-6
MF:
C35H40N4O8
Structure:
Chemical Name:
L-GLUTAMIC ACID MONOPOTASSIUM SALT
CAS:
6382-01-0
MF:
C5H8NO4.K.H2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Z-D-PROLINOL, 97
CAS:
72597-18-3
MF:
C13H17NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3,3,3-TRIFLUORO-DL-ALANINE
CAS:
10065-69-7
MF:
C3H4F3NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
H-DL-PHE(4-CN)-OH
MF:
C10H10N2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
BOC-ALPHA-ALLYL-ME-DL-PRO-OH
CAS:
203869-80-1
MF:
C11H19NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(1R,2R)-2-AMINO-1,2-DIPHENYLETHANOL, 97
CAS:
88082-66-0
MF:
C14H15NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Tetradecanoyl-L-alanine
CAS:
71448-29-8
MF:
C17H33NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Dodecanoyl-L-proline
CAS:
58725-39-6
MF:
C17H31NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Hexadecanoyl-L-alanine
CAS:
56255-31-3
MF:
C19H37NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Sodium N-hexadecanoyl-L-phenlyalaninate
CAS:
32190-55-9
MF:
C25H40NNaO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CBZ-GLY HYDRAZIDE
CAS:
5680-83-1
MF:
C10H13N3O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
FMOC-ASN-OPFP
CAS:
86060-99-3
MF:
C25H17F5N2O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
DL-ALANYL-DL-NORVALINE
CAS:
2325-18-0
MF:
C8H16N2O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
BOC-BETA-(2-QUINOLYL)-ALA-OH
CAS:
161453-37-8
MF:
C17H20N2O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Ketoprofen lysinate
CAS:
57469-78-0
MF:
C22H28N2O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
FMOC-L-PHENYLALANYL CHLORIDE
CAS:
103321-57-9
MF:
C24H20ClNO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
BOC-VAL-PRO-ARG-AMC HCL
CAS:
70375-24-5
MF:
C31H46ClN7O7
Structure:
Chemical Name:
FOR-ASP-PHE-OME
CAS:
33605-76-4
MF:
C15H18N2O6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(S)-AMINO-(2-METHOXY-PHENYL)-ACETIC ACID
CAS:
103889-86-7
MF:
C9H11NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-BOC-4-ETHYL-4-PIPERIDINECARBOXYLIC ACID
CAS:
188792-67-8
MF:
C13H23NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
FMOC-N-ME-ARG(MTR)-OH
CAS:
214750-72-8
MF:
C32H38N4O7S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine benzyl ester p-toluenesulfonate
CAS:
16964-83-3
MF:
C28H34N2O7S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(R)-2-Acetamido-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid
CAS:
89615-73-6
MF:
C11H12N2O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
S-(acetamidomethyl)-L-cysteine
CAS:
19647-70-2
MF:
C6H12N2O3S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,3,4,5-Tetrafluoro-D-Phenylalanine
CAS:
747405-49-8
MF:
C9H7F4NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
L-Cyclobutylalanine
MF:
C7H13NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-((N-Methyl-N-((2-isopropyl-4-thiazolyl)methyl)amino)carbonyl)-L-valine methyl ester
CAS:
154248-99-4
MF:
C15H25N3O3S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
S-Allyl-D-cysteine
CAS:
770742-93-3
MF:
C6H11NO2S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
H-LYS(ALLOC)-OH
CAS:
6298-03-9
MF:
C10H18N2O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
D-S-tert-Butylcysteine
CAS:
2481-10-9
MF:
C7H15NO2S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-(N-Ethanolamino)-L-alanine
CAS:
848396-10-1
MF:
C6H9N3O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(R)-3-AMINO-4,4-DIPHENYL-BUTYRIC ACID HCL
CAS:
544455-93-8
MF:
C16H17NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Benzoic acid, 3-amino-2-nitro-, ethyl ester (9CI)
CAS:
193014-01-6
MF:
C9H10N2O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-Phenylmethyl-L-histidine methyl ester monohydrochloride
CAS:
274927-61-6
MF:
C14H18ClN3O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(R)-3-(3-FLUOROPHENYL)-BETA-ALANINE
CAS:
723284-81-9
MF:
C9H10FNO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(S)-3-(3-CHLOROPHENYL)-BETA-ALANINE
CAS:
774178-18-6
MF:
C9H10ClNO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(+/-)-THREO-3-METHYLGLUTAMIC ACID
CAS:
63088-04-0
MF:
C6H11NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-CHLORO-DL-PHENYLALANINE
CAS:
14091-12-4
MF:
C9H10ClNO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
FMOC-D-PHE(2-I)-OH
CAS:
478183-65-2
MF:
C24H20INO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-BOC-DL-SERINE
CAS:
69942-12-7
MF:
C9H17NO5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester
CAS:
754153-28-1
MF:
C11H13NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
5-Thiazolecarboxylicacid,2-amino-4-hydroxy-,ethylester(9CI)
CAS:
72218-74-7
MF:
C6H8N2O3S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
8-Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carboxylicacid,3-amino-,ethylester(9CI)
CAS:
246543-68-0
MF:
C10H17NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1H-Pyrazole-4-carboxylicacid,5-amino-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-(9CI)
CAS:
317806-51-2
MF:
C6H6F3N3O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(R)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-cyclobutylpropanoic acid
CAS:
478183-61-8
MF:
C12H21NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Polyglutamic acid
CAS:
25513-46-6
MF:
C5H9NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Fmoc-8-Aminooctanoic acid
CAS:
126631-93-4
MF:
C23H27NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
D-LYSINE METHYL ESTER DIHYDROCHLORIDE
CAS:
67396-08-1
MF:
C7H16N2O2.2HCl
Structure:
Chemical Name:
cis-4-Phenylthio-L-proline hydrochloride
CAS:
105107-84-4
MF:
C11H14ClNO2S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
L-GLUTAMIC ACID GAMMA-(3-CARBOXY-4-NITROANILIDE) AMMONIUM SALT
CAS:
63699-78-5
MF:
C12H16N4O7
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-AMINO-3-PYRIDIN-4-YL-PROPIONIC ACID
CAS:
139178-88-4
MF:
C8H10N2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-BOC-L-CYCLOHEXYLGLYCINOL
CAS:
107202-39-1
MF:
C13H25NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
L-GLUTAMIC-2,3,3,4,4-D5 ACID
CAS:
2784-50-1
MF:
C5H4D5NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(R)-3-AMINO-3-(2-METHYL-PHENYL)-PROPIONIC ACID
MF:
C10H13NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
BOC-D-3,4-DIMETHOXYPHENYLALANINE
CAS:
218457-71-7
MF:
C16H23NO6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3,5-DIAMINOBENZYL ALCOHOL DIHYDROCHLORIDE
CAS:
28150-15-4
MF:
C7H12Cl2N2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
AC-MURAMYL-ALA-GLU-NH2
CAS:
59331-38-3
MF:
C19H32N4O11
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-[2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHYL]STEARAMIDE
CAS:
16889-14-8
MF:
C24H50N2O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(S)-3-AMINO-3-(3-METHYL-PHENYL)-PROPIONIC ACID
MF:
C10H13NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-(9-FLUORENYLMETHOXYCARBONYL)-L-LEUCIN&
CAS:
200937-57-1
MF:
C21H23NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-[(9H-FLUOREN-9-YLMETHOXY)CARBONYL]-D-GLUTAMIC ACID
CAS:
104091-09-0
MF:
C20H19NO6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Benzylglycine ethyl ester hydrochloride
CAS:
6344-42-9
MF:
C11H16ClNO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
L-METHIONINE METHYLSULFONIUM IODIDE
CAS:
34236-06-1
MF:
C6H16INO2S2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
BOC-ASP(OALL)-OH
CAS:
132286-77-2
MF:
C12H19NO6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Dodecanoyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline
CAS:
135777-18-3
MF:
C17H31NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Sodium N-tetradecanoyl-L-valinate
CAS:
58185-39-0
MF:
C19H36NNaO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-Hexadecanoyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline
CAS:
41736-92-9
MF:
C21H39NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
H-ASP(OTBU)-OTBU HCL
CAS:
1791-13-5
MF:
C12H24ClNO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-(Methylseleno)alanine
CAS:
2574-71-2
MF:
C4H9NO2Se
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-ALFA-FMOC-4-(PHOSPHONODIFLUOROMETHYL)-L-PHENYLALANINE
CAS:
160751-44-0
MF:
C25H22F2NO7P
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-AMINO-L-TYROSINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE
MF:
C9H16Cl2N2O4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(S)-(+)-2-CHLOROPHENYLGLYCINE METHYL ESTER HYDROCHLORIDE
CAS:
213018-92-9
MF:
C9H11Cl2NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(S)-2-AMINO-3-(2,3-DIFLUORO-PHENYL)-PROPIONIC ACID
CAS:
266360-42-3
MF:
C9H9F2NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
H-BETA-ALA-ILE-OH
CAS:
104465-34-1
MF:
C9H18N2O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
H-CYS(DPM)-OH
CAS:
5191-80-0
MF:
C16H17NO2S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
D(-)PENICILLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
CAS:
2219-30-9
MF:
C5H12ClNO2S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-AMINO-3-METHYLBENZYL ALCOHOL
CAS:
57772-50-6
MF:
C8H11NO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
BOC-PRO-PRO-OH
CAS:
15401-08-8
MF:
C15H24N2O5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
H-MET-NH2 HCL
CAS:
16120-92-6
MF:
C5H13ClN2OS
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-N-CBZ-4-HYDROXY-BETA-PROLINE
MF:
C13H15NO5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Methyl (S)-3-acetamido-3-phenylpropanoate
CAS:
67654-58-4
MF:
C12H15NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Diethyl N-[5-methylamino-2-thenoyl]-L-glutamate
CAS:
112889-02-8
MF:
C15H22N2O5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
L-Lysine S-(carboxymethyl)-L-cysteine
CAS:
49673-81-6
MF:
C11H23N3O6S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
methyl L-tryptophanate
CAS:
4299-70-1
MF:
C12H14N2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,5-Difluoro-L-phenylalanine
CAS:
31105-92-7
MF:
C9H9F2NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
DL-P-Hydroxyphenylglycine
MF:
C8H9NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
D-4-Aminophenylglycine
CAS:
35619-39-7
MF:
C8H10N2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Z-L-Alanine N-carboxyanhydride
CAS:
125814-23-5
MF:
C12H11NO5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
5-AMINO-2-CHLOROBENYL ALCOHOL
CAS:
89951-56-4
MF:
C7H8ClNO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
N-BSMOC-L-LEUCINE
CAS:
197245-21-9
MF:
C16H19NO6S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
L-Alninebenzylester-p-toluene sulfonate salt
CAS:
42584-62-6
MF:
C17H21NO5S
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-Phenyl-L-serine
CAS:
6254-48-4
MF:
C9H11NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-AMINO-5-CHLOROBENZYL ALCOHOL
CAS:
37585-25-4
MF:
C7H8ClNO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
BOC-D-NVA-OH
CAS:
57521-85-4
MF:
C10H19NO4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CIS-2-AMINO-4-CYCLOHEXENE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID
CAS:
54162-90-2
MF:
C7H11NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
L-TYROSINE ETHYL ESTER HYDROCHLORIDE
CAS:
34081-17-9
MF:
C11H15NO3