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Protoporphyrin IX

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Protoporphyrin IX Basic information

Product Name:
Protoporphyrin IX
Synonyms:
  • KAMMERER'S PORPHYRIN
  • 2,18-Porphinedipropionic acid, 3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7,12-divinyl-
  • 21H,23H-Porphine-2,18-dipropanoic acid, 7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-
  • 7,12-Diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoic acid
  • Kammerer's prophyrin
  • PROTOPORPHYRIN-'IX', FOR FLUORESCENCE
  • ProtoporphyrinIXforfluorescence95+%
  • PROTOPORPHYRINIX,FREEACID
CAS:
553-12-8
MF:
C34H34N4O4
MW:
562.66
EINECS:
209-033-7
Product Categories:
  • Inhibitors
  • Natural Porphyrins and Derivitives
  • Porphyrins
  • porphine (porphyrin) ligand
Mol File:
553-12-8.mol
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Protoporphyrin IX Chemical Properties

Melting point:
>300 °C(Solv: acetone (67-64-1))
Boiling point:
629.06°C (rough estimate)
Density 
1.1829 (rough estimate)
refractive index 
1.6000 (estimate)
storage temp. 
2-8°C
solubility 
DMSO (Slightly)
form 
Powder
color 
purple
Water Solubility 
106.9mg/L(25 ºC)
Sensitive 
light sensitive
Merck 
13,7990
BRN 
380795
Stability:
Light Sensitive
InChIKey
FEDYMSUPMFCVOD-UJJXFSCMSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference
553-12-8
NIST Chemistry Reference
Protoporphyrin-1x(553-12-8)
EPA Substance Registry System
Protoporphyrin IX (553-12-8)
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Safety Information

Hazard Codes 
Xi
Risk Statements 
36/37/38
Safety Statements 
26-36
WGK Germany 
3
8-10-23

MSDS

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Protoporphyrin IX Usage And Synthesis

Uses

hepatoprotectant

Uses

Protoporphyrin IX has been used:

  • as a standard in protoporphyrin assays
  • in fluorescence spectra analysis
  • to treat cells in cell culture to study heme-mediated ferroportin 1 transcription

Definition

ChEBI: A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyri s.

General Description

Protoporphyrin IX belongs to the porphyrin family, which are a class of tetrapyrroles. It is the iron-free form of hemin and amphiphilic in nature. It is the precursor of heme in its biosynthetic pathway.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Protoporphyrin IX?levels are elevated in?tumor?cells due to?metabolism anomalies?compared to normal?cells.

Enzyme inhibitor

This iiron-free, immediate precusor of heme (FWfree-acid = 562.67 g/mol; CAS 553-12-8; brownish-yellow solid; soluble in a number of organic solvents; disodium and dipotassium salts solublized in the presence of Tween 80) has lmax values in 25% HCl are 602.4, 582.2, and 557.2 nm. Protoporphryrin IX is also an activator of guanylate cyclase. See also Iron Protoporphyrin IX; Heme; Hemin Target(s): aminolevulinate aminotransferase; 5-aminolevulinate synthase; glutamate: glyoxylate aminotransferase; glutathione S-transferase; glyoxalase I, or lactoylglutathione lyase; guanylate cyclase; heme oxygenase; hydroxymethylbilane synthase, or porphobilinogen deaminase; nitric-oxide synthase; porphobilinogen synthase, or 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase; succinyl-CoA synthetase; tryptophan pyrrolase, or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase.

Purification Methods

Protoporphyrin IX (3,18-divinyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethylporphin-8,12-dipropionic acid, ooporphyrin) [553-12-8] M 562.7, pKEst ~ 4.8. Protoporphyrin IX is purified by dissolving (4g) in 98-100% HCOOH (85mL), diluting with dry Et2O (700mL) and keeping at 0o overnight. The precipitate is collected and washed with Et2O, then H2O, and dried in a vacuum at 50o over P2O5. It crystallises from aqueous pyridine and from Et2O in monoclinic, brownish-yellow prisms. The UV max values in 25% HCl are 557.2, 582.2 and 602.4nm. It is freely soluble in ethanolic HCl, AcOH, CHCl3, and Et2O containing AcOH. It forms sparingly soluble diNa and diK salts. [Ramsey Biochemical Preparations 3 39 1953, UV: Holden Aust J. Exptl Biol and Med Sci 15 412 1937, Garnick J Biol Chem 175 333 1948, IR: Falk & Willis Aust J Sci Res [A] 4 579 1951, Beilstein 26 IV 3042.]

Toxicity evaluation

protoporphyrin IX, is highly toxic in the presence of light and molecular oxygen, killing photosynthetic plants very quickly through the generation of singlet oxygen.

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