Phenylacetaldehyde Chemical Properties

Melting point:

−10 °C(lit.)

Boiling point:

195 °C

Density 

1.079 g/mL at 20 °C

vapor pressure 

2.09hPa at 20℃

FEMA 

2874 | PHENYLACETALDEHYDE

refractive index 

n20/D 1.535(lit.)

Flash point:

188 °F

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

2.21g/l slightly soluble

form 

Liquid

Specific Gravity

1.075 (20/4℃)

color 

Clear colorless to pale yellow

Odor

at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. green sweet floral hyacinth clover honey cocoa

Odor Type

green

Water Solubility 

2.210 g/L (25 ºC)

Sensitive 

Air Sensitive

Merck 

14,7265

JECFA Number

1002

BRN 

385791

Dielectric constant

4.7999999999999998

Dielectric constant

4.8（20℃）

Stability:

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases.

LogP

1.44 at 25℃

CAS DataBase Reference

122-78-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Benzeneacetaldehyde(122-78-1)

EPA Substance Registry System

Phenylacetaldehyde (122-78-1)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

Xn,F

Risk Statements 

22-36/37/38-43-11

Safety Statements 

26-36-37-24-16-7

RIDADR 

UN 1170 3/PG 2

WGK Germany 

2

RTECS 

CY1420000

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

29122990

Toxicity

LD50 orl-rat: 1550 mg/kg FCTXAV 17,377,79

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:ACROS
• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich
• Language:English Provider:ALFA

Phenylacetaldehyde Usage And Synthesis

Description

Phenylacetaldehyde is an organic compound which can be naturally found in buckwheat, flowers, and communication pheromones from various insect orders. It is commonly used for the preparation of fragrance as well as flavors, and applied in flavored cigarettes and beverages because of its honey-like sweet character. It is also applied in the synthesis of polymers, such as polyesters, as a rate controlling additive in polymerization reactions and used in the preparation of more complex chemicals like resmethrin, where it acts as a building block.

Chemical Properties

Phenylacetaldehyde has a harsh, green odor reminiscent of hyacinth on dilution. It has an unpleasant, pungent, bitter flavor, turning sweet and fruit-like at low levels. Since it readily undergoes oxidation and polymerizes, it must be stabilized by addition of antioxidants and by dilution with, for example, diethyl phthalate before use in compositions.

Occurrence

Identified among the constituents of several essential oils: neroli, Citrus sinensis leaves, other citrus species (flowers and leaves), narcissus, magnolia, lily, rose and tea. It is reported found in over 170 natural products including apricot, sour cherry, cooked apple, peach, fresh blackberry, crispbread, other types of bread, green tea, unprocessed rice, lemon balm, red sage, black currant, bilberry, cranberry, other berries, grapes, raisins, melon, papaya, guava fruit, pineapple, asparagus, celery leaves, carrot, parsley, peas, bell pepper, sweet pepper, peach, cabbage, peppermint oil, Scotch spearmint oil, mustard, vinegar, onion, cooked potato, tomato, cinnamon bark, cassia leaf, ginger, many cheeses, milk, yogurt, boiled egg, cooked and cured meats, beer, cognac, grape wines, cocoa, coffee, tea, roasted filbert, roasted peanut, soybean, pecans, cauliflower, broccoli, honey, avocado, passion fruit, beans, mushrooms, trassi, mango, tamarind, rice, licorice, buckwheat, lovage root, pumpkin, sweet potato, cassava, corn oil, malt, wort, dried bonito, loquat, pawpaw, maté, sweet grass oil, orange peel oil, grapefruit juice, endive, clam and Chinese quince.

Uses

Phenylacetaldehyde is used for the preparation of fragrances and polymers like polyesters, which find application as a rate controlling additive in polymerization reactions. It is an active component of fragrances and floral scent due to its honey-like sweet character and finds application in flavored cigarettes and beverages. It is an insect attractant and utilized in blacklight trap for pests. It is also used as a building block in the synthesis of more complex chemicals, such as resmethrin. Furthermore, it is used in association with acetic anhydride and allyltrimethylsilane in three-component coupling process catalyzed by LiBF4 providing homoallylic acetates.

Definition

ChEBI: Phenylacetaldehyde is an aldehyde that consists of acetaldehyde bearing a methyl substituent; the parent member of the phenylacetaldehyde class of compounds. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde and a member of phenylacetaldehydes.

Aroma threshold values

Detection: 4 ppb. Aroma characteristics at 1.0%: sweet, floral honey, rosy and slightly powdery with a fermented note, cocoa and tobacco with a yellow tropical fruity nuance.

Taste threshold values

Taste characteristics at 5 ppm: floral and honey-like with a sweet floral, fruity, tobacco, with a yellow tropical fruity waxy nuance.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 99, p. 4536, 1977 DOI: 10.1021/ja00455a071
Tetrahedron Letters, 29, p. 1471, 1988 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)80328-7

General Description

Phenylacetaldehyde is an important aroma volatile found in tomato and roses. It has also been identified in potato, roasted cocoa beans and honey. Phenylacetaldehyde is also a potent moth attractant.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Phenylacetaldehyde is an insect attractant and can be used in blacklight trap for pests. It is constituent of floral scent. It is an intermediate in a variety of biochemical pathways.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Human skin irritant. Combustible liquid. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ALDEHYDES.

Production Methods

The most important method industrially is the isomerization of styrene oxide. Ion-exchange resins, catalysis by chromium trioxide–tungsten trioxide on graphite or silicon dioxide–aluminum trioxide, and thermolysis are recommended for the rearrangement. Phenylacetaldehyde can also be synthesized by the direct oxidation of styrene in the presence of palladium salts and copper(II) chloride in aqueous solutions of glycol ethers. Other possibilities include the catalytic dehydrogenation of 2-phenylethanol on silver or gold catalysts, the hydroformylation of benzyl halides in the presence of dicobalt octacarbonyl and sodium carbonate in acetonitrile, and the Darzens glycide ester synthesis from benzaldehyde and alkyl chloroacetates.

Synthesis

Phenylacetaldehyde can be synthesized by Darzen glycidic ester synthesis from benzaldehyde; readily oxidizable to phenyl acetic acid.

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylacetaldehyde
https://www.alfa.com/zh-cn/catalog/A14263/
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/107395?lang=en&region=US

Phenylacetaldehyde(122-78-1)Related Product Information

• Phenylacetylene
• Phenylacetyl chloride
• 1-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-1-CYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLIC ACID
• 2-BROMO-2-PHENYLACETOPHENONE
• 1-Phenylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid
• DESYL CHLORIDE
• 2-Acetoxy-2-phenylacetyl chloride
• Phenanthrenequinone
• 1-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-1-CYCLOPENTANECARBOXYLIC ACID
• (4-Fluorophenyl)acetone
• 1-Phenyl-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
• 2-Fluorophenylacetone
• Benzocyclobutyl-1-carboxylic acid
• 4,4'-DIBROMOBENZIL
• 2-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)ACETALDEHYDE
• PHENYLACETALDEHYDE DIMETHYL ACETAL,PHENYLACETALDEHYDE DIMETHYL ACETAL 98+&,Phenylacetaldehyde dimethIyl acetal
• 2-CHLORO-2,2-DIPHENYLACETYL CHLORIDE
• 3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenylacetone