Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane Chemical Properties

Melting point:

167-172 °C(lit.)

Boiling point:

219-220 °C10 mm Hg(lit.)

Density 

1,353 g/cm³

vapor pressure 

0.0267 hPa (20 °C)

refractive index 

1.4170 (estimate)

Flash point:

219-220°C/10mm

storage temp. 

20-25°C

solubility 

H₂O: 4 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless

form 

crystalline

color 

white

PH

10.5-12.0(4 m in water, 25 °C)

PH Range

7 - 9

pka

8.1(at 25℃)

Water Solubility 

550 g/L (25 ºC)

λmax

λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.10
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.08

Sensitive 

Hygroscopic

Merck 

14,9772

BRN 

741883

Stability:

Stable. Incompatible with bases, strong oxidizing agents. Protect from moisture.

InChIKey

LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS DataBase Reference

77-86-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

1,3-Propanediol, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-(77-86-1)

EPA Substance Registry System

Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (77-86-1)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

Xi

Risk Statements 

36/37/38

Safety Statements 

26-36-37/39-24/25-23

WGK Germany 

2

RTECS 

TY2900000

F 

3

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

IRRITANT

HS Code 

29221980

Hazardous Substances Data

77-86-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 5000 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rat > 5000 mg/kg

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich
• Language:English Provider:ACROS
• Language:English Provider:ALFA

Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane Usage And Synthesis

description

Tris, or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or known during medical use as tromethamine or THAM, is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2)3CNH2. It is extensively used in biochemistry and molecular biology as a component of buffer solutions such as in TAE and TBE buffers, especially for solutions of nucleic acids. It contains a primary amine and thus undergoes the reactions associated with typical amines, e.g. condensations with aldehydes. Tris also complexes with metal ions in solution. In medicine, tromethamine is occasionally used as a drug, given in intensive care for its properties as a buffer for the treatment of severe metabolic acidosis in specific circumstances. Some medications are formulated as the "tromethamine salt" including hemabate (carboprost as trometamol salt), and "ketorolac trometamol".

Chemical Properties

White crystal or powder. Melting point 171-172℃, boiling point 219-220℃/1.3kPa, soluble in ethanol and water, slightly soluble in ethyl acetate, benzene, insoluble in ether, carbon tetrachloride,copper,aluminum corrosion effects,irritant.

Uses of Biology

Tris base, also known as THAM, is widely used as a biological buffer or as a component of buffer formulations such as TAE and TBE buffers. Tris has a pK_a of 8.06 and is very useful in the biology and biochemistry lab because it has buffering capabilities in the range of the typical physiological pH of most living organisms (pH 7.0-9.0). Tris has been reported to interfere with the activity of a number of enzymes, it should therefore be used carefully when studying proteins.

Uses

1, Tris buffer, only nucleic acids and proteins are widely used as solvents.
2, Tris is used for protein crystal growth under different pH conditions.
3, Tris buffer having a low ionic strength can be used nematode (C. elegans) is formed lamin (lamin) intermediate fibers.
4, Tris is a major component of protein electrophoresis buffer.
5, Tris for the preparation of a surfactant, a vulcanization accelerator, and some drug intermediates.
6, Tris titrated also used as standard.

Chemical Properties

White, crystalline solid. PH (0.1M aqueous solution) 10.6, corrosive to copper, brass, aluminum. Solubility in water 80 g/100 cc (20C). Combustible.

Originator

Trisaminol,Bellon,France,1964

Uses

tromethamine can help mask odor in a formulation. It is also used as a buffer, keeping product pH stable.

Uses

In the synthesis of surface-active agents, vulcanization accelerators, pharmaceuticals. As emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, leather dressings, textile specialties, polishes, cleaning Compounds, so-called soluble oils. Absorbent for acidic gases. Biological buffer.

Uses

Tris base has been used:

• In the preparation of TAE buffer for TAE agarose gel used to run PCR products by gel electrophoresis
• As a component of sample buffer for SDS-PAGE
• In the preparation of IEC (ion-exchange chromatography) buffer

Application

Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is mainly required for preparation of buffers at physiological range of 7.3 to 7.5. The prepared buffers are compatible with biological fluids. It is of importance to laboratories as a standard pH solution.
Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane has been used as a buffer solution for lactate dehydrogenase assay, in situ hybridization procedure and protein extraction from cells.
Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is used as a buffer in biochemistry and molecular biology laboratories. It is used as a primary standard to standardize acid solutions for chemical analysis. It finds application in cell membranes to increase permeability. As an alternative to sodium bicarbonate, it used in the treatment of metabolic acidosis. It acts as a precursor for the preparation of polymers, oxazolones and oxazolidines.

Preparation

Tris is prepared industrially by the exhaustive condensation of nitromethane with formaldehyde under basic conditions (i.e. repeated Henry reactions) to produce the intermediate (HOCH2)3CNO2, which is subsequently hydrogenated to give the final product.

Manufacturing Process

Nitromethane is reacted with formaldehyde to give tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane in an initial step. This intermediate may be reduced by catalytic hydrogenation (US Patent 2,174,242) or by electrolytic reduction (US Patent 2,485,982).

brand name

Tham (Hospira).

Therapeutic Function

Antacid

General Description

Tris is an established basimetric standard and buffer used in biochemistry and molecular biology. It may be used by itself as a buffer or as a component of mixed buffer formulations, such as Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer, Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffer, Tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) buffer, etc. It is pure, essentially stable, relatively non-hygroscopic and has a high equivalent weight.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Trizma base, commonly known as tris is widely used as a biological buffer or as a component of buffer formulations like- Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer, Tris magnesium buffer or Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffer. It enhances the membrane permeability of cell membranes.

Purification Methods

TRIS can ordinarily be obtained in highly pure form suitable for use as an acidimetric standard. If only impure material is available, it should be crystallised from 20% EtOH, aqueous MeOH (m 171.1o) or isopropanol (m 172-173o). Dry it in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5 or CaCl2. Alternatively, it is dissolved in twice its weight of water at 55-60o, filtered, concentrated to half its volume and poured slowly, with stirring, into about twice its volume of EtOH. The crystals which separate on cooling to 3-4o are filtered off, washed with a little MeOH, air dried by suction, then finally ground and dried in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5. It has also been recrystallised from water, MeOH or aqueous MeOH, and vacuum dried at 80o for 2 days. [Beilstein 4 H 303, 4 III 857, 4 IV 1903.]

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