N-Nitrocarbamide Chemical Properties

Melting point:

158.5 ºC (DEC.)

Boiling point:

197.01°C (rough estimate)

Density 

1.557±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

refractive index 

1.4451 (estimate)

pka

pK (20°) 2.15

color 

Crystals or leaflets or prisms from EtOH; orplatelets from EtOH/ligroin

NIST Chemistry Reference

Nitrourea(556-89-8)

EPA Substance Registry System

Urea, nitro- (556-89-8)

Safety Information

Safety Statements 

17-36/37/39-45

RIDADR 

147

TSCA 

TSCA listed

HazardClass 

1.1D

PackingGroup 

II

N-Nitrocarbamide Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties

White, crystalline powder.Slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, acetone, and acetic acid.

Uses

Explosives.

General Description

A colorless to white crystalline powder solid. Mildly sensitive to heat and shock. An extremely powerful explosive. Decomposes to emit toxic nitrogen oxide fumes. May explode under exposure to intense heat or fire. Primary hazard is blast of an instantaneous explosion, not flying projectiles or fragments.

Air & Water Reactions

Hydrolysis occurs in water.

Reactivity Profile

Explosive mercury or silver salts are rather sensitive to heat and impact, while the pure material is much more insensitive. Organonitrate compounds, such as N-Nitrocarbamide, range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. Nitroalkanes are milder oxidizing agents, but still react violently with reducing agents at higher temperature and pressures. Nitroalkanes react with inorganic bases to form explosive salts. The presence of metal oxides increases the thermal sensitivity of nitroalkanes.

Hazard

Severe explosion risk.

Health Hazard

Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

Fire Hazard

MAY EXPLODE AND THROW FRAGMENTS 1600 meters (1 MILE) OR MORE IF FIRE REACHES CARGO.

Safety Profile

A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. A severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to heat. Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. It is a lugh explosive. Incompatible with mercuric and silver salts. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of NOx. See also EXPLOSIVES, HIGH; and NITRATES.

Synthesis

Method for preparing nitrosourea in a microchannel reactor, the method comprising the steps of: (1) The materials required in the reaction are urea, concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, and the materials are respectively passed into each through-channel module in the microchannel reactor for heat exchange to the reaction temperature, and the set temperature is controlled by an external heat exchanger, and the heat exchange medium is heat-conducting oil; and the reaction is carried out in two steps: in the first step, a sulfuric acid solution of urea sulphate is prepared, and urea is added to concentrated sulfuric acid to prepare a urea-concentrated sulfuric acid suspension, and the urea: sulfuric acid molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:10, through the heat exchange module and mixing module, so that the urea dissolved in sulfuric acid, prepared as a sulfuric acid solution of urea sulfate; the second step, the nitration reaction of urea sulfate, control of urea sulfate: nitric acid molar ratio of 1:0.8 to 1:20, control of the flow rate of the sulfuric acid solution of urea sulfate: 2 to 50mL/min; control of the flow rate of nitric acid: 0.2 to 100mL/min; through the The respective metering pumps are synchronized into the enhanced mass transfer type module for mixing reaction, and the mixing temperature is also controlled by the external heat exchanger; (2) The flow rate of each material is controlled by the flow rate, and after mixing and reacting in the mixing module, it continues to pass through a series of enhanced mass-transfer-type modules as well as DC-type microchannel modules, and the products are post-treated after the completion of the reaction process; the reaction residence time of the first step of the reaction is 20-100s, and the reaction temperature is -5-30??; the reaction residence time of the second step is 50-150s, and the reaction temperature is -5-20??; the reaction temperature is -5-20??; the reaction temperature is -5-20??; and the reaction temperature is -5-20??. temperature is -5 to 20??C; (3) The reaction mixture was flowed directly into the separator containing ice water, stirred while adding, the solid was precipitated continuously, after stopping the addition, continued stirring for 10min, filtered, washed, dried under reduced pressure at 30??C for 5h, obtaining a white crystalline powder with a yield of 90%~98% and a melting point of 157~159??C.

Purification Methods

Crystallise it from EtOH/pet ether. Dry it in vacuo ~50o. [Ingersoll & Arenendt Org Synth Coll Vol I 417 1941.]

N-Nitrocarbamide(556-89-8)Related Product Information

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