Pindolol Property

Melting point:

167-171 °C(lit.)

Boiling point:

391.39°C (rough estimate)

Density 

1.0606 (rough estimate)

refractive index 

1.5110 (estimate)

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

0.1 M NaOH: 0.2 mg/mL

form 

powder

pka

pKa 9.26 (Uncertain)

color 

white to off-white

Water Solubility 

33mg/L(22.5 ºC)

Merck 

13,7525

CAS DataBase Reference

13523-86-9(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Pindolol(13523-86-9)

EPA Substance Registry System

2-Propanol, 1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]- (13523-86-9)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

22-36/37/38

Safety Statements 

26-36

RIDADR 

3249

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

UB6660000

HazardClass 

6.1(b)

PackingGroup 

III

HS Code 

2933995300

Hazardous Substances Data

13523-86-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 oral in rabbit: 650mg/kg

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H315Causes skin irritation

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H335May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary statements

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

Pindolol Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

White Solid

Originator

Betadren, Lagap

Uses

Mixed β-adrenergic blocker and serotonin 5HT1A-receptor antagonist. Antihypertensive; antianginal; antiarrhythmic; antiglaucoma.

Uses

Pindolol, like nadolol, is a nonselective β-adrenoblocker. It possesses antianginal, antihypotensive, and antiarrythmic action. It is used for arterial hypertension, angina stress (preventing attacks), supraventricular tachycardia, tachsystolic form of atrial fibrillation, and superventricular extrasystole.

Definition

ChEBI: A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.

Manufacturing Process

4-Hydroxyindole is obtained by debenzylation of 4-benzyloxyindole with hydrogen in the presence of a 5% palladium catalyst on aluminium oxide.
10.0 g of 4-hydroxyindole and subsequently 7.4 ml of epichlorohydrin are added while stirring in an atmosphere of nitrogen to a solution of 2.73 g of sodium hydroxide in 65 ml of water. Stirring is effected at room temperaturefor a further 15 h, the reaction mixture is extracted 4 times with 50 ml of methylene chloride and the combined organic layers which have been dried over magnesium sulfate are evaporated at reduced pressure. So 3-chloro-1(4-indolyloxy)-2-propanol is obtained.
The 3-chloro-1-(4-indolyloxy)-2-propanol is dissolved in 50 ml of toluene and 50 ml of isopropylamine and heated to the boil for 45 h. Evaporation to dryness is effected in a vacuum, the residue is shaken out thrice between ethyl acetate and a 1 N tartaric acid solution and a 5 N sodium hydroxide solution is then added to the combined tartaric acid phases until an alkaline reaction is obtained. The alkaline solution is shaken out thrice with 50 ml of methylene chloride, the extracts are dried over magnesium sulfate and the solvent evaporated in vacuum. The residue is crystallized from ethyl acetate/ether to give the 4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)indole.

brand name

Visken (Novartis).

Therapeutic Function

Beta-adrenergic blocker

Biological Activity

5-HT 1A/1B ? receptor antagonist, with roughly equal affinity for each subtype. A partial agonist at mouse and human β 3 -adrenoceptors.

Biochem/physiol Actions

β1-adrenoceptor antagonist; putative 5-HT1A serotonin receptor agonist; vasodilator.

Clinical Use

Beta-blocker:
Hypertension
Angina

Drug interactions

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Anaesthetics: enhanced hypotensive effect.
Analgesics: NSAIDs antagonise hypotensive effect.
Anti-arrhythmics: increased risk of myocardial depression and bradycardia; increased risk of bradycardia, myocardial depression and AV block with amiodarone; increased risk of myocardial depression and bradycardia with flecainide.
Antidepressants: enhanced hypotensive effect with MAOIs.
Antihypertensives; enhanced hypotensive effect; increased risk of withdrawal hypertension with clonidine; increased risk of first dose hypotensive effect with post-synaptic alpha-blockers such as prazosin.
Antimalarials: increased risk of bradycardia with mefloquine.
Antipsychotics: enhanced hypotensive effect with phenothiazines.
Calcium-channel blockers: increased risk of bradycardia and AV block with diltiazem; hypotension and heart failure possible with nifedipine and nisoldipine; asystole, severe hypotension and heart failure with verapamil.
Cytotoxics: possible increased risk of bradycardia with crizotinib.
Diuretics: enhanced hypotensive effect.
Fingolimod: possibly increased risk of bradycardia.
Moxisylyte: possible severe postural hypotension.
Sympathomimetics: severe hypertension with adrenaline and noradrenaline and possibly with dobutamine.

Metabolic pathway

Several metabolites of pindolol formed in vitro are detected after a 24 h incubation of human hepatocytes in both pure culture and co-culture by adding rat liver epithelial cells. The hepatocytes are able to oxidize the isopropyl amine moiety and the pyrrole ring of the indole moiety and conjugate pindolol as sulfates and glucuronides.

Metabolism

Pindolol (Visken) is extensively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. First-pass metabolism is estimated at about 15%, and its plasma half-life is on the order of 3 to 4 hours.The binding of pindolol to plasma proteins is approximately 50%.The metabolic fate of pindolol is not completely understood, although 50% of an administered dose is recovered, primarily in the urine, as unchanged drug.