Trimetazidine Property

Boiling point:

bp2 200-205°

Density 

1.092±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

vapor pressure 

0.003Pa at 25℃

storage temp. 

Hygroscopic, Refrigerator, Under inert atmosphere

solubility 

Chlorofrom (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)

form 

Solid

pka

9.07±0.10(Predicted)

color 

Colourless to Pale Yellow Gel

Stability:

Hygroscopic

LogP

1.143 at 25℃ and pH6

CAS DataBase Reference

5011-34-7(CAS DataBase Reference)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xi

HazardClass 

IRRITANT

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H226Flammable liquid and vapour

H302Harmful if swallowed

H314Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

H412Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P260Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

P301+P330+P331IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.

P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.

P304+P340IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

P310Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P321Specific treatment (see … on this label).

P330Rinse mouth.

P363Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

P405Store locked up.

P501Dispose of contents/container to..…

Trimetazidine Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Outline

Trimetazidine (TMZ) is a piperazine derivative. Its trade name is Vasorel. Its chemical name is 1(2, 3, 4trimethoxy benzyl) piperazine dihydrochloride. It is an anti angina drug. It has the effect of antagonizing adrenaline, norepinephrine and vasopressin. It can relax vascular smooth muscle directly, reduce vascular resistance, increase blood flow of coronary and peripheral circulation, promote myocardial metabolism and production of myocardial energy. At the same time, it can reduce the oxygen consumption of the myocardium, thereby improving the balance between supply and demand of heart muscle oxygen. It can increase the tolerance to cardiac glycosides, increase the tolerance to exercise test in patients with angina pectoris, reduce the frequency of angina pectoris, and reduce the dosage of nitroglycerin. It is used in the treatment of coronary insufficiency, angina pectoris and old myocardial infarction. It can be used in combination with digitalis in patients with severe heart failure.

Mechanism of action

The effect of trimetazidine on the heart may be direct cell protection. It can prevent the decrease of ATP level in cells by conserving energy metabolism in ischemic oxygen cells. While maintaining the stability of the intracellular environment, it ensures the function of the ion pump and the normal operation of the trans membrane sodium potassium pump, reduces intracellular acidosis and prevents the accumulation of sodium and calcium within the cardiomyocytes, protects the cell contraction function and limits the cell dissolution and intimal damage caused by oxygen free radicals.

Synthetic method

The 194g six water piperazine and 260mL methanol are put into the reaction bottle, and the methyl formate is slowly added to the methyl formate. After the addition of 60mL, stir it for 30min, reflue for 5h, cool itto room temperature, get it decompressed with distillation, and got compound formyl piperazine. The 57g compound formyl piperazine and 70mL trimethoxy benzaldehyde are put into the reaction bottle and stirred until it has been completely dissolved and heated to 100 degrees. Slowly adding 20mL of formic acid with a mass fraction of 98%, heating up to 100~110℃ with reaction of 2h. After the reaction has been finished, a sodium bicarbonate solution with a mass fraction of 20% is added. The reflux goes on for 2h before heated and cooled. Then get it extracted with toluene (200mL * 3) and combined with toluene layer. Add 200mL water to it and mix with hydrochloric acid to adjust ph to 5~6. Add 200mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 10%. After stirring 10min, the toluene layer is collected. A compound of trimetazidine is obtained by drying for 4h of toluene layer with anhydrous ammonium sulfate.

Figure 1 Synthesis route of trimetazidine

Pharmacokinetics

The absorption of trimetazidine is rapid after oral administration. After single oral administration of trimetazidine 20mg, after 1.8h it will reach the peak plasma concentration and the plasma concentration peak is 53.6μg•L-1. After trimetazidine 20mg, Po, bid * 15d, the plasma concentration will reach a peak of 84.8μg•L-1. After oral administration of trimetazidine 20mg, the area under the concentration time curve can reach 508.9μg•h•L-1. When 20mg and bid were used for a long time, the area under the concentration time curve will reach 31.4μg•h•L-1. The bioavailability of trimetazidine is high, up to 88.7%. The protein binding rate of trimetazidine is about 16%, and the plasma volume is 318.6L. Trimetazidine T1/2 is 6h and 80% of the drug is excreted from the kidneys (62% of them are prototypes). The total scavenging rate of trimetazidine is 37.45L•h-1.

Pharmacodynamics

It has a strong anti angina effect, which is slower than nitroglycerin but has a longer duration. It has the effects of adrenalin, norepinephrine and vasopressin. It can reduce vascular resistance, increase coronary blood flow and peripheral blood flow, promote myocardial metabolism and improve myocardial energy production. At the same time, it can reduce the workload of the heart, reduce the oxygen consumption of the myocardium and the energy consumption of the myocardium, thereby improving the balance between supply and demand of heart muscle oxygen. It can increase the tolerance to cardiac glycosides.

Clinical application

It can be used for coronary artery insufficiency, angina pectoris, and old myocardial infarction. For patients with severe heart failure, it can be used with digitalis. Trimetazidine can be used alone in patients with mild angina pectoris. Trimetazidine can be used as an adjuvant in combination with other anti myocardial ischemia drugs in patients with moderate or severe angina pectoris. Single use of trimetazidine alone can reduce the frequency of angina pectoris and the dosage of nitroglycerin in patients with angina pectoris. In combination with other drugs, trimetazidine can relieve symptoms in patients with angina pectoris treated with other anti myocardial ischemia drugs. It is observed that trimetazidine combined with isosorbide dinitrate (30 mg. d-1) is effective in treating angina pectoris patients when 120mg•d-1cis not well controlled. In a group of patients with poor treatment with diltiazem (180 mg. d-1) or adrenaline beta blockers, the combination of trimetazidine can significantly reduce the frequency of angina pectoris and the dosage of nitroglycerin.

Adverse reaction

A few patients have gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea and vomiting).

Precaution

It is forbidden for patients with allergy and new myocardial infarction. For safety reasons, pregnant women and lactating women should be cautious in the use of this drug.

Originator

Vastarel,Biopharma,France,1963

Uses

1-(2,3,4-Trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine is used in combination with atorvastatin in the treatment of coronary heart disease and angina pectoris.

Definition

ChEBI: 1-[(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]piperazine is an aromatic amine.

Manufacturing Process

Monoformylpiperazine is reacted molecule for molecule with 2,3,4- trimethoxybenzyl chloride in the presence of 1 1/2 molecules of sodium carbonate and in suspension in ethyl alcohol, during 2 to 3 hours.
The reaction product is filtered and the filtrate is evaporated in vacuo to remove the alcohol. There remains an oily product from which the excess formyl-ethylenediamine is removed by distillation under 1 mm Hg pressure up to 125°C. The dark yellow, residual product is treated with 10% hydrochloric acid at 100°C for 12 hours to eliminate the formyl group; it is evaporated to a syrupy consistency and taken up with ethyl alcohol at the boiling point until complete miscibility is attained; it is then discolored over carbon, filtered and stored at low temperature.
The (2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl) methylpiperazine hydrochloride precipitates as white needles: the precipitate is drained and washed with anhydrous sulfuric ether. Melting point: 222°C to 226°C.

Therapeutic Function

Coronary vasodilator