p-Toluidine Property

Melting point:

41-46 °C(lit.)

Boiling point:

200 °C(lit.)

Density 

0.973 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

vapor density 

3.9 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

0.26 mm Hg ( 25 °C)

refractive index 

1.5636

Flash point:

192 °F

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

solubility 

Soluble in ethanol, pyridine, diethyl ether, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, carbon disulfide, oils and dilute acids.

form 

powder

pka

5.08(at 25℃)

Specific Gravity

0.962

color 

tan to brown

explosive limit

6.6%

Water Solubility 

1.1 g/100 mL

Sensitive 

Air & Light Sensitive

Merck 

14,9536

BRN 

471281

Exposure limits

TLV-TWA skin 2 ppm (～9 mg/m³) (ACGIH); Suspected Human Carcinogen (ACGIH).

Dielectric constant

4.9800000000000004

Stability:

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.

LogP

1.39-1.44 at pH7.4-7.5

CAS DataBase Reference

106-49-0(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

p-Toluidine(106-49-0)

EPA Substance Registry System

p-Toluidine (106-49-0)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

T,N

Risk Statements 

23/24/25-36-40-43-50

Safety Statements 

28-36/37-45-61-28A

RIDADR 

UN 3451 6.1/PG 2

WGK Germany 

2

RTECS 

XU3150000

F 

8-23

Autoignition Temperature

899 °F

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

6.1

PackingGroup 

II

HS Code 

38220000

Hazardous Substances Data

106-49-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 336 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 890 mg/kg

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H317May cause an allergic skin reaction

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H351Suspected of causing cancer

H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P273Avoid release to the environment.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P310IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

p-Toluidine Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

White lustrous plates or leaflets. Soluble in alcohol and ether; very slightly soluble in water. Combustible.

Chemical Properties

p-Toluidine is a colorless solid.

Uses

p-Toluidine is used as an intermediate in themanufacture of various dyes. It is also usedas a reagent for lignin and nitrites.

Uses

p-Toluidine is an intermediate in the production of dyes, organic chemicals and aromatic azo compounds. It serves as a component of accelerators for cyanoacrylate glues. Furthermore, it acts as a bidentate Schiff base ligand through condensation with salicylaldehyde. It reacts with catecholamine to form a dye which is useful for spectrophotometric determination of catecholamine drugs.

Uses

Manufacture of various dyes and other organic chemicals. o-Isomer also in printing textiles blue black; making colors fast to acids. p-Isomer also as a reagent for lignin, nitrite, phloroglucinol.

Definition

ChEBI: An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is para to the methyl group.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Tetrahedron Letters, 32, p. 2759, 1991 DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)85078-J
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 89, p. 5311, 1967 DOI: 10.1021/ja00996a055

General Description

Colorless solid. Melting point 44°C (111°F). Specific gravity 1.046. Vapor heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. May be absorbed through the skin. Used in dyes, and in organic chemical manufacturing.

Reactivity Profile

p-Toluidine neutralizes acids to form salts plus water in exothermic reactions. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Can react vigorously with oxidizing reagents. Emits very toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition. Hypergolic reaction with red fuming nitric acid [Kit and Evered, 1960, p. 239, 242].

Health Hazard

Absorption of toxic quantities by any route causes cyanosis (blue discoloration of lips, nails, skin); nausea, vomiting, and coma may follow. Repeated inhalation of low concentrations may cause pallor, low-grade secondary anemia, fatigability, and loss of appetite. Contact with eyes causes irritation.

Health Hazard

p-Toluidine is a mild to moderate irritanton the skin. The irritant effect on rabbits’eyes was strong. The toxic properties ofp-toluidine are similar to its ortho- and meta isomers and aniline. The clinical signs of tox icity are methemoglobinemia, anemia, andcyanosis. The major metabolite in urine afteroral application in male rats was 2-amino-5-methylphenol, which was excreted alongwith 3.5% unchanged p-toluidine (ACGIH1986). Exposure to 40-ppm concentrationfor 1 hour resulted in severe poisoning inhumans.

Fire Hazard

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and flammable vapors may form in fire.

Safety Profile

Confirmed carcinogen. Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Mutation data reported. A severe skin and eye irritant. Flammable when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Can react vigorously on contact with oxidzing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of NOx. See also o- TOLUIDINE and ANILINE.

Potential Exposure

para-Toluidine is used in dyes, and in organic chemical manufacturing

Carcinogenicity

In an 18-month p-toluidine hydrochloride diet carcinogenicity study, maleCDrats (1000 and 2000 ppmfor 18 months) did not develop statistically significant increases of tumors; however,CD-1male and female mice (1000 ppmfor 6 months and then 500 ppmfor additional 12 months; or 2000 ppm for 6 months and then 1000 ppm for additional 12 months) showed significant increases in liver carcinomas: in males at both dose levels and in females at the high dose level.

Shipping

UN3451 Toluidines, solid, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials

Purification Methods

In general, methods similar to those for purifying aniline can be used. It can be separated from the o-and m-isomers by fractional crystallisation from its melt. p-Toluidine has been crystallised from hot water (charcoal), EtOH, *benzene, pet ether or EtOH/water (1:4), and dried in a vacuum desiccator. It can also be sublimed at 30o under vacuum. For further purification, use has been made of the oxalate, the sulfate and acetylation. The oxalate, formed as described for o-toluidine, is filtered, washed and recrystallised three times from hot distilled water. The base is regenerated with aqueous Na2CO3 and recrystallised three times from distilled water. [Berliner & May J Am Chem Soc 49 1007 1927.] Alternatively, p-toluidine is converted to its acetyl derivative which, after repeated crystallisation from EtOH, is hydrolysed by refluxing (50g) in a mixture of 500mL of water and 115mL of conc H2SO4 until a clear solution is obtained. The amine sulfate is isolated, suspended in water, and NaOH is added. The free base is distilled twice from zinc dust under vacuum. The p-toluidine is then recrystallised from pet ether and dried in a vacuum desiccator or in a vacuum for 6hours at 40o. The benzoyl derivative has m 158o (from EtOH). [Berliner & Berliner J Am Chem Soc 76 6179 1954, Moore et al. J Am Chem Soc 108 2257 1986, Beilstein 12 H 880, 12 I 140, 12 II 482, 12 III 2017, 12 IV 1866.]

Incompatibilities

para-Toluidine is incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. p-Toluidine neutralizes acids to form salts plus water in exothermic reactions. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Hypergolic reaction with red fuming nitric acid

Waste Disposal

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Controlled incineration (oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices).