Triethyl phosphite Property

Melting point:

-112°C

Boiling point:

65 °C

Density 

0.969 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

vapor pressure 

<6 hPa (20 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.413(lit.)

Flash point:

130 °F

storage temp. 

Flammables area

solubility 

Chloroform (Slightly), Dichloromethane (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)

form 

liquid

Specific Gravity

0.969

color 

colorless

Odor

characteristic, obnoxious, phosphiteodor

explosive limit

3.75-42.5%(V)

Water Solubility 

slightly soluble

Sensitive 

Air & Moisture Sensitive

Hydrolytic Sensitivity

7: reacts slowly with moisture/water

BRN 

956578

Dielectric constant

10.9（65℃）

Stability:

Air Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive

CAS DataBase Reference

122-52-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Phosphorous acid, triethyl ester(122-52-1)

EPA Substance Registry System

Triethyl phosphite (122-52-1)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xn

Risk Statements 

10-22-36/37/38-20/22

Safety Statements 

16-26-36

RIDADR 

UN 2323 3/PG 3

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

TH1130000

F 

10-23

Autoignition Temperature

250 °C

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

2920 24 00

HazardClass 

3

PackingGroup 

III

Hazardous Substances Data

122-52-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orl-rat: 1840 mg/kg JACTDZ 1,218,92

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H226Flammable liquid and vapour

H302Harmful if swallowed

H317May cause an allergic skin reaction

H412Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P210Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.

P233Keep container tightly closed.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.

Triethyl phosphite Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

Triethyl phosphite is a clear colorless liquid with a strong foul odor. Insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol and ether. Combustible.Vapors heavier than air.

Uses

Synthesis, plasticizers, stabilizers, lubricant and grease additives.

Uses

Triethyl phosphite is an organophosphorus compound. It is used as a reducing agent; can react with electrophiles to form phosphonates or phosphates; forms a stable complex with copper(I) iodide.
Triethyl phosphite is a very good nucleophile. The carbon adjacent to the bromine is the most electrophilic position, and phosphorus is the only nucleophile. Triethyl phosphite displaces the bromine in an SN2-like process, and back attack by the bromide which is released generates a phosphonate product, in which the α-protons are strongly acidic.

Uses

Triethyl phosphite is used as a ligand in organometallic chemistry and as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is used as reference to phosphoric acid standard in 31P NMR spectroscopy. It acts as a reducing agent to prepare 2-phenylindazole from o-nitrobenzylidineaniline as well as reacts with electrophiles to get phosphonates. It forms a stable complex with copper(I) iodide. It finds application in a modified Staudinger reaction for the alkyl bromide to an amine through the azide. Further, it is also used in the preparation of 3-phenyl-2-substituted indoles by reacting with beta-nitro styrenes.

Preparation

Triethyl phosphite is produced in a closed system by reaction of phosphorous trichlorid and ethanol in the presence of an inorganic or organic base. The product is purified by distillation (Bayer AG, 2002a).

Triethyl phosphite is exclusively used as an intermediate for the manufacturing of different products: flame retardants (about 60 %), optical brighteners (about 15 %), pesticides (about 15 %), antioxidants (about 5 %), and pharmaceuticals (about 5 %).

Reactions

This reaction is currently used for the preparation of synthetically useful phosphonate reagents employed in modified retinal studies. Thus, diethyl 3-alkoxycarbonyl-2-propenylphosphonates are prepared in 72-91% yields by the reaction of methyl or ethyl 4-bromocrotonates with triethyl phosphite at 150-160°C. Similarly, diethyl 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2 methyl-2-propenylphosphonate is prepared in 81% yield from triethyl phosphite and ethyl 3-methyl-4-chlorocrotonate by heating at 180- 200°C.The diethyl (E)- and (Z)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-3 fluoro-2 -methyl-2-propenylphosphonates are respectively obtained from triethyl phosphite and (E)- or (Z)-4-bromo-2-fuoro-3-methyl-2-butenoates at 140°C.

Reactivity Profile

Triethyl phosphite is colorless, moderately toxic liquid, combustible. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition Triethyl phosphite emits toxic fumes of oxides of phosphorus [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1271].

Health Hazard

Exposure to high concentrations may cause headache, nausea, and dizziness due to reduced chlolinesterase activity.

Fire Hazard

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: May form hazardous decomposition products.

Flammability and Explosibility

Flammable

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion. A skin and eye irritant. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, sparks, or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx.

Toxicity evaluation

The acute toxicity after oral, dermal, and inhalation exposure is relatively low. The oral LD50s in rats ranged between 1840 mg/kg bw (females) and 2470 mg/kg bw (males). Symptoms of rapid breathing and tremors were observed prior to death. In mice LD50 values above 3700 mg/kg bw were recorded. The 6-hour inhalation LC50 with an aerosol of 1.6-3.5 μm MMAD in rats was between 11,100 mg/m3 (females) and 11,600 mg/m3 (males). Clinical signs included eye and upper respiratory irritation, salivation and rapid, shallow breathing. The dermal LD50 in rabbits was between 2800 mg/kg bw (males) and > 3000 mg/kg bw (females).