Valeronitrile Chemical Properties

Melting point:

−96 °C(lit.)

Boiling point:

139-141 °C(lit.)

Density 

0.795 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

vapor pressure 

7.0 hPa (20 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.397(lit.)

Flash point:

105 °F

storage temp. 

Store below +30°C.

solubility 

10.0g/l

form 

Liquid

color 

Clear colorless

Water Solubility 

0.1-0.5 g/100 mL at 22.5 ºC

Merck 

14,9905

BRN 

1736706

Exposure limits

NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3

Dielectric constant

17.4（21℃）

Stability:

Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents. Flammable.

InChIKey

RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP

1.120

CAS DataBase Reference

110-59-8(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Pentanenitrile(110-59-8)

EPA Substance Registry System

Valeronitrile (110-59-8)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

T

Risk Statements 

10-25-2017/10/25

Safety Statements 

36/37/39-45-16

RIDADR 

UN 1992 3/PG 3

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

YV8195000

Autoignition Temperature

520 °C

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

3

PackingGroup 

III

HS Code 

29269095

HS Code 

29332100

Toxicity

LD50 orally in male mice: 2.297 mmol/kg (Tanii)

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:Pentanenitrile
• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich
• Language:English Provider:ACROS
• Language:English Provider:ALFA

Valeronitrile Usage And Synthesis

Chemical Properties

Clear liquid

Uses

Valeronitrile is used as building block in organic synthesis. Product Data Sheet

Uses

Valeronitrile is used in the preparation of valeric acid. It is also used to enhance the nitrilase activity in many strains.

Uses

Solvent.

Definition

ChEBI: Pentanenitrile is a nitrile.

Production Methods

Valeronitrile can be synthesized by dehydration of valeronamide. The nitrile is also found in nature and is a constituent of coal gasification and oil shale processing waste water, sewage wastewater and tobacco smoke.

General Description

Clear colorless to yellow liquid.

Air & Water Reactions

Slightly soluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Nitriles, such as Valeronitrile, may polymerize in the presence of metals and some metal compounds. They are incompatible with acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing acids can lead to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids). These reactions generate heat. Peroxides convert nitriles to amides. Nitriles can react vigorously with reducing agents. Acetonitrile and propionitrile are soluble in water, but nitriles higher than propionitrile have low aqueous solubility. They are also insoluble in aqueous acids. Valeronitrile is incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents. .

Health Hazard

Valeronitrile is an irritant and may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption .

Fire Hazard

Valeronitrile is combustible.

Industrial uses

Valeronitrile is used as an industrial solvent and as a chemical intermediate.

Toxicology

Pentanenitrile is toxic to animals, and produces its action by the liberation of cyanide by cytochrome P450. The cyanide is detoxified and excreted in urine as thiocyanate.

Metabolism

As with other aliphatic nitriles, valeronitrile is metabolized in vivo resulting in the liberation of cyanide ion which is responsible for much of the observed toxicity of this compound . Biotransformation of valeronitrile presumably proceeds in a manner similar to that of other aliphatic nitriles with an initial cytochrome P-450 catalyzed oxidation of the nitrile to the cyanohydrin followed by release of the cyanide group from the activated molecule. Cyanide formation was significantly reduced when valeronitrile was incubated with mouse hepatic microsomes in the presence of SKF-525A or carbon monoxide or when microsomes from mice pretreated with chloroform were used . Ethanol pretreatment of mice markedly increases the in vivo and in vitro microsomal oxidation of valeronitrile presumably as a result of increased levels of an ethanol inducible cytochrome P-450 . As with other nitriles, the cyanide released upon biotransformation of valeronitrile is readily converted to thiocyanate in vivo and the latter ion was the major urinary excretion product observed with valero-nitrile in rats . From 18 to 31% of a daily 175 mg/kg dose of valeronitrile was eliminated in the urine as thiocyanate during a 24 h period. In another study , 43.2 and 27.5%, respectively, of an oral or i.p. dose of 0.75 mmol/kg valeronitrile was excreted as thiocyanate in the urine of male Sprague-Dawley rats over a 24 h period.

Purification Methods

Wash the nitrile with half its volume of conc HCl (twice), then with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, dry it with MgSO4 and fractionally distil it from P2O5. [Beilstein 2 H 301, 2 I 131, 2 II 267, 2 III 675, 2 IV 875.]

Structure and conformation

The valeronitrile molecule is flexible and can adopt a number of different conformers, so that it will naturally be a mixture. These conformers are called anti-anti (30%), anti-gauche (46%), gauche-anti, gauche-gauche-cis, and gauche-gauche-trans.

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