ChemicalBook > CAS DataBase List > Citric acid monohydrate

Citric acid monohydrate

Product Name
Citric acid monohydrate
CAS No.
5949-29-1
Chemical Name
Citric acid monohydrate
Synonyms
PROPANONE;citric;METHYL KETONE;DIMETHYL KETONE;Ctric Acid;Citric acid hydrate;Citronensαure-hydrat;Monohydrate citric acid;FEMA 3326;Citricacidhydrate
CBNumber
CB3235573
Molecular Formula
C6H10O8
Formula Weight
210.1388
MOL File
5949-29-1.mol
More
Less

Citric acid monohydrate Property

Melting point:
-94 °C(lit.)
Boiling point:
56 °C760 mm Hg(lit.)
Density 
0.791 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density 
2 (vs air)
vapor pressure 
184 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index 
n20/D 1.359(lit.)
Flash point:
1 °F
storage temp. 
no restrictions.
solubility 
Citric Acid Monohydrate is very soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol and sparingly soluble in ether.
form 
Solid
pka
3.138, 4.76, 6.401
Specific Gravity
0.810 (20/4℃)
color 
White
PH
1.85 (50g/l, H2O, 25℃)
Odor
Typical, practically odorless
Water Solubility 
1630 g/L (20 oC) ;H2O: soluble 54% (w/w) at 10°C (Citric acid in water)
Sensitive 
Hygroscopic
Merck 
14,2326
BRN 
4018641
Stability:
Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents, nitrates.
InChIKey
YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference
5949-29-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference
Citric acid monohydrate(5949-29-1)
EPA Substance Registry System
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, hydrate (1:1) (5949-29-1)
More
Less

Safety

Hazard Codes 
F,Xi
Risk Statements 
11-36-66-67-41-36/37/38-37/38
Safety Statements 
9-16-26-37/39-36/37/39-36
RIDADR 
UN 1090 3/PG 2
WGK Germany 
1
RTECS 
AL3150000
TSCA 
Yes
HS Code 
29181400
Toxicity
LD50 orally in Rabbit: 3000 mg/kg
More
Less

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)
Signal word
Warning
Hazard statements

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H335May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

More
Less

N-Bromosuccinimide Price

Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1.37003
Product name
Citric acid monohydrate
Purity
cryst. EMPROVE? EXPERT Ph Eur,BP,JP,USP,ACS
Packaging
1kg
Price
$100
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
C0706
Product name
Citric acid monohydrate
Purity
BioXtra, ≥99.5%
Packaging
500g
Price
$131
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1.37003
Product name
Citric acid monohydrate
Purity
cryst. EMPROVE? EXPERT Ph Eur,BP,JP,USP,ACS
Packaging
5kg
Price
$240
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
C0706
Product name
Citric acid monohydrate
Purity
BioXtra, ≥99.5%
Packaging
1kg
Price
$244
Updated
2024/03/01
Sigma-Aldrich
Product number
1.37003
Product name
Citric acid monohydrate
Purity
cryst. EMPROVE? EXPERT Ph Eur,BP,JP,USP,ACS
Packaging
12kg
Price
$416
Updated
2024/03/01
More
Less

Citric acid monohydrate Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

Citric acid monohydrate occurs as colorless or translucent crystals or as a white crystalline, efflorescent powder. It is odorless and has a strong acidic taste. The crystal structure is orthorhombic. monohydrate crystals lose water of crystallization in dry air or when heated to about 40 to 50℃. Citric acid monohydrate softens at 75℃ and melts at approximately 100℃. It serves as a natural preservative and is commonly utilized to contribute an acidic or sour taste to foods and soft drinks.

Citric acid monohydrate acts as a preservative and antioxidant. It is also used as an acidulant, flavoring agent and antistaling agent in fruit drinks, candy, cookies, biscuits, canned fruits, jams, and jellies. It differs from other forms of citric acid by having a moisture percentage ranging from 7.5-9.0.

Uses

Citric Acid Monohydrate is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains the stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in the blood. Additionally, Citric Acid Monohydrate is used as an acidulating, food additive, and synergist in antioxidant mixtures.

Application

Citric acid monohydrate has multiple applications. It is used for preparing citrate buffer in platelets for intravital microscopy and as a buffer component for unmasking antigens and epitopes. Additionally, it functions as a pH-control agent in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. In animals, it enhances the efficiency of nutritional calcium utilization.
Recent uses of citric acid monohydrate include:
As a carbon source in carbon nanodot synthesis
To prepare a pH-6.0 citric acid monohydrate solution/buffer for tissue sample preparation
In citric acid solubilization technique to treat various samples.

Preparation

Currently, the industrial production process for citric acid monohydrate crystals involves several steps. First, the citric acid fermentation liquid is separated from the solid-liquid to obtain a citric acid clear liquid. Then, the clear liquid undergoes purification via the calcium salt method (hydrogen calcium method), acidolysis, and decolorization. This purified solution is then heated, concentrated, and crystallized to produce anhydrous citric acid. The mother liquor remaining from this process is then filtered by plate and frame and added to a crystallization cylinder to reach a supersaturated state through cooling and precipitating the crystal. Once the temperature reaches around 13 ℃, the mixture undergoes centrifugal separation, and the resulting wet crystal is then dried in a dryer. The separated mother liquor, after being filtered, decolorized, and concentrated, is added back to the crystallization cylinder to repeat the above steps a total of four to five times. Finally, the mother liquor is returned to the extraction workshop for re-purification via chromatographic separation.

Definition

Citric acid and citric acid monohydrate are different. Citric Acid can be obtained as an anhydrous (water- free) form or as a monohydrate. The anhydrous form crystallizes from hot water, while the monohydrate forms when citric acid is crystallized from cold water. The monohydrate can be converted to the anhydrous form at about 78 °C.

Production Methods

Citric acid occurs naturally in a number of plant species and may be extracted from lemon juice, which contains 5–8% citric acid, or pineapple waste. Anhydrous citric acid may also be produced industrially by mycological fermentation of crude sugar solutions such as molasses, using strains of Aspergillus niger . Citric acid is purified by recrystallization; the anhydrous form is obtained from a hot concentrated aqueous solution and the monohydrate from a cold concentrated aqueous solution.

Definition

ChEBI: Citric acid monohydrate is an organic molecular entity.

General Description

Citric acid monohydrate is an organic acid. Its molar enthalpy of solution in water has been reported to be ΔsolHm (298.15K, m = 0.0203molkg-1) = (29061 ± 123)Jmol-1

Biochem/physiol Actions

Citric acid plays a major role in textile, food, pharmaceutical, metal and chemical industries. Melting citric acid monohydrate can give rise to itaconic anhydride. The crystals of citric acid monohydrate has the ability to preserve water up to 56 degree celsius.

Safety

Citric acid monohydrate is non-toxic and has a low reactivity.
May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Excessive intake of citric acid may cause erosion of the teeth. Inhalation: Causes respiratory tract irritation. Chronic: Repeated exposure may cause erosion of teeth.

storage

Citric acid monohydrate loses water of crystallization in dry air or when heated to about 408℃. It is slightly deliquescent in moist air. Dilute aqueous solutions of citric acid may ferment on standing.

Purification Methods

Crystallise it from hot H2O solution (w/w solubility is 54% at 10o, 71% at 50o and 84% at 100o. The monohydrate (softens at ~75o and melts at ~100o) dehydrates in air or when heated gently above 40o . The triethylester ( M 276.3, b 127o/1mm, 294o/atm, d 4 1.137, n D 1.4420.) is a bitter tasting oil. [Beilstein 3 H 556 and 568, 3 IV 1272.]

Incompatibilities

Citric acid is incompatible with potassium tartrate, alkali and alkaline earth carbonates and bicarbonates, acetates, and sulfides. Incompatibilities also include oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents, and nitrates. It is potentially explosive in combination with metal nitrates. On storage, sucrose may crystallize from syrups in the presence of citric acid.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. The anhydrous form is accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (inhalations; IM, IV, and other injections; ophthalmic preparations; oral capsules, solutions, suspensions and tablets; topical and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in Japan and the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

References

A comparison of properties between the citric acid monohydrate and deep eutectic solvent extracted Averrhoa bilimbi pectins DOI:10.1007/s11694-020-00533-x
Methods of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for bacterial population genetics and systematics DOI:10.1128/aem.51.5.873-884.1986
Increased Adhesion and Aggregation of Platelets Lacking Cyclic Guanosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Kinase I DOI:10.1084/JEM.189.8.1255
Citric Acid, Anhydrous, and Citric Acid, Monohydrate DOI: 10.1021/acsreagents.4096.20211101
Production method for citric acid monohydrate crystal
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/22230

Citric acid monohydrate Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Calcium carbonate Hydrochloric acid Sodium hydroxide Sulfuric acid

Preparation Products

Ritonavir ANGIOTENSIN II, HUMAN Clomiphene Citrate TERT-BUTYL (3S)-3-AMINOBUTANOATE LORACARBEF (200 MG) citric acid, iron(3+) salt ribonucleic acid for injection 2-(1H-PYRAZOL-1-YL)BENZOIC ACID 3-(1H-PYRAZOL-3-YL)BENZOIC ACID Calcium citrate red kojic rice Prostaglandin E2
More
Less

Citric acid monohydrate Suppliers

Belgium 2 Brazil 1 Canada 2 China 588 Czech Republic 1 Europe 4 France 2 Germany 11 India 87 Japan 6 Norway 1 South Africa 1 South Korea 1 Switzerland 1 United Kingdom 14 United States 76 Global 798
HBCChem, Inc.
Tel
+1-510-219-6317
Fax
+1-650-486-1361
Email
sales@hbcchem.com
Country
United States
ProdList
10648
Advantage
60
ALB Technology Limited
Tel
702-983-3769
Fax
702-983-3769
Email
sales@albtechnology.com
Country
United States
ProdList
2993
Advantage
55
Alfa Chemistry
Tel
1-516-6625404
Fax
1-516-927-0118
Email
support@alfa-chemistry.com
Country
United States
ProdList
9171
Advantage
60
Cato Research Chemicals Inc.
Tel
020-81215950 4000-868-328
Email
customer@uwalab.com
Country
United States
ProdList
10404
Advantage
58
Protheragen-ING
Tel
+16313385890
Email
info@protheragen-ing.com
Country
United States
ProdList
3868
Advantage
58
Aladdin Scientific
Tel
+1-+1(833)-552-7181
Email
sales@aladdinsci.com
Country
United States
ProdList
52925
Advantage
58
Aladdin Scientific
Tel
+1-+1(833)-552-7181
Email
sales@aladdinsci.com
Country
United States
ProdList
57505
Advantage
58
TargetMol Chemicals Inc.
Tel
Email
support@targetmol.com
Country
United States
ProdList
38632
Advantage
58
United States Biological
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@advtechind.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6075
Advantage
58
Alfa Chemistry
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
info@Alfa-Chemistry.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6814
Advantage
0
CarboMer, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@carbomer.com
Country
United States
ProdList
4026
Advantage
67
Martrex, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
claire@martrexinc.com
Country
United States
ProdList
29
Advantage
50
Cater Chemicals Corp.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
info@caterchem.com
Country
United States
ProdList
229
Advantage
58
United States Biological
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
chemicals@usbio.net
Country
United States
ProdList
6214
Advantage
80
Barker Industries, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@barkerind.com
Country
United States
ProdList
226
Advantage
51
Combi-Blocks Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@combi-blocks.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6618
Advantage
69
GFS Chemicals Inc
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
service@gfschemicals.com
Country
United States
ProdList
2329
Advantage
58
SynQuest Laboratories, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
info@synquestlabs.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6871
Advantage
62
Riedel-de Haen AG
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
6773
Advantage
87
Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
scbt@scbt.com
Country
United States
ProdList
3597
Advantage
60
National Biochemicals Corp.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@nationalbiochem.com
Country
United States
ProdList
295
Advantage
0
Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
srlmarketing@dishnetdsl.net
Country
United States
ProdList
1905
Advantage
64
ProChem, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
prochem1@aol.com
Country
United States
ProdList
1691
Advantage
66
Lab Express
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@labexpress.com
Country
United States
ProdList
1577
Advantage
67
Penta Manufacturing Company
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@pentamfg.com
Country
United States
ProdList
5076
Advantage
65
Alfa Aesar
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
tech@alfa.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6814
Advantage
81
Chem-Impex International, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
6730
Advantage
64
Naugra Export
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
1332
Advantage
47
HONEST JOY HOLDINGS LIMITED
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@honestjoy.cn
Country
United States
ProdList
6675
Advantage
54
Advance Scientific & Chemical
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@advance-scientific.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6419
Advantage
71
City Chemical LLC
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@citychemical.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6708
Advantage
72
3B Scientific Corporation
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@3bsc.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6718
Advantage
47
AK Scientific, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@aksci.com
Country
United States
ProdList
6347
Advantage
65
Century Multech Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
rylchu@aol.com
Country
United States
ProdList
53
Advantage
30
www.vwrsp.com
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
B2B@VWR.com
Country
United States
ProdList
622
Advantage
86
Wintersun Chemical
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
purchasing@wintersunchem.com
Country
United States
ProdList
776
Advantage
68
Avatar Corpration
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@avatarcorp.com
Country
United States
ProdList
40
Advantage
65
Baddley Chemicals, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
quotation@baddley.com
Country
United States
ProdList
178
Advantage
68
Hi-Valley Chemical
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
matt@hvchemical.com
Country
United States
ProdList
130
Advantage
67
P.d.fine chem
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
59
Advantage
43
Sciencelab.com, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
accounting@sciencelab.com
Country
United States
ProdList
4159
Advantage
82
Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
1945
Advantage
71
American Bioanalytical
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
wenli@smith.edu
Country
United States
ProdList
167
Advantage
69
Hach Company, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
orders@hach.com
Country
United States
ProdList
404
Advantage
81
Integra Chemical Company
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
chemicals@integrachem.com
Country
United States
ProdList
716
Advantage
51
U.S. Chemicals, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@uschemicals.com
Country
United States
ProdList
122
Advantage
42
J.T. Baker-A Division of Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Country
United States
ProdList
1066
Advantage
82
JLM Marketing Inc., Subsidiary of JLM Industries Inc.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@jlmindustries.com
Country
United States
ProdList
42
Advantage
64
Fisher Scientific
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
sales@fishersci.com
Country
United States
ProdList
2337
Advantage
86
Eastern Chemical Corp.
Tel
--
Fax
--
Email
eastern@u-g.com
Country
United States
ProdList
2786
Advantage
34
More
Less

View Lastest Price from Citric acid monohydrate manufacturers

HEBEI SHENGSUAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO.,LTD
Product
Citric acid monohydrate 5949-29-1
Price
US $999.00-666.00/ton
Min. Order
0.001ton
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
5000
Release date
2024-08-09
WUHAN FORTUNA CHEMICAL CO., LTD
Product
Citric acid monohydrate 5949-29-1
Price
US $0.00/KG
Min. Order
1KG
Purity
98%min
Supply Ability
30tons/month
Release date
2023-01-11
HebeiShuoshengImportandExportco.,Ltd
Product
Citric acid monohydrate 5949-29-1
Price
US $6.00/kg
Min. Order
1kg
Purity
99%
Supply Ability
2000KG/Month
Release date
2024-08-08

5949-29-1, Citric acid monohydrateRelated Search:

Calcium citrate MELIBIOSE Citric acid Folic acid Trisodium citrate dihydrate Ethyl 2-(Chlorosulfonyl)acetate Sodium citrate Sodium benzoate Molasses Sodium perborate monohydrate Betaine monohydrate D-Glucose monohydrate Dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate Sodium isethionate n-Butyllithium Ascoric Acid Creatine monohydrate Zinc sulfate monohydrate Citric Acid Hydrate

  • 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monohydrate
  • 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylicacid,2-hydroxy-,monohydrate
  • 2,3-propanetricarboxylicacid,2-hydroxy-monohydrate
  • citric
  • Citric acid hydrate
  • Citricacidhydrate
  • Citronensαure-hydrat
  • Citric acid monohydrate, 99.5+%
  • Citric acid monohydrate
  • 3-Carboxy-3-hydroxy-pentanedioic acid monohydrate
  • 1,2，3-Tricarboxy-2-hydroxypropane,2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid,β-Hydroxytricarballylic acid
  • CITRICACID,MONOHYDRATE,BIOTECHGRADE
  • CITRICACID,MONOHYDRATE,CRYSTAL,REAGENT,ACS
  • CITRICACID,MONOHYDRATE,GRANULAR,FCC
  • CITRICACID,MONOHYDRATE,GRANULAR,USP
  • CITRICACID,MONOHYDRATE,POWDER,USP
  • citric acid free acid monohydrate*crystalline
  • Citric Acid Monohydrate BP
  • Hydrous citric acid
  • CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE USP
  • CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE SIGMAULTRA
  • CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE ACS REAGENT
  • CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE, ACS
  • CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE PURISS. P.A.,REAG. ACS, REAG. ISO, REAG.
  • CITRIC ACID-1-HYDRATE GRITTY, EXTRA PURE
  • CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE, PH EUR
  • CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE, 99%, A.C.S. REA GENT
  • CitricAcidMonohydrateBp93/Bp98/E330/Usp24/Fcciv
  • CitricAcidC6H8O7*H2O
  • CitricAcidMonohydrateFcc
  • CitricAcidAnhydrousExtraPure
  • CitricAcidPure(Monohydrate)
  • CitricAcidMonohydrateAr
  • CitricAcidMonohydrateIp
  • Citricacid,monohydrate,ACS,99.0-102.0%
  • CITRIC ACID 1 H2O
  • Citric acid monohydrate, for analysis, 99.5%
  • CITRIC ACID, MONOHYDRATE REAGENT (ACS)
  • Citric acid monohydr
  • Citric Acid Monohydrate, Crystalline Powder, USP
  • Citric acid Monohydrate, for analysis, 99.5% 1KG
  • Citric acid Monohydrate, for analysis, 99.5% 250GR
  • Citric acid monohydrate, molecular biology grade
  • CITRIC ACID, ACS
  • CITRIC ACID, MONOHYDRATE LOW METALS GRADE
  • Citric acid Monohydrate, technical, pearls
  • 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid hydrate
  • Citric acid Monohydrate (CAM)
  • Citric acid(awater
  • Citric acid Monohydrate reagent grade, >=98% (GC/titration)
  • Acetone, 99%, SpcDry, with Molecular sieves, Water≤50 ppM (by K.F.), SpcSeal
  • Citric acid Mo
  • CitronensαureMonohydrat
  • AKOS BBS-00004268
  • ACETONE: ALCOHOL DECOLORIZER SOLUTION
  • ACETONE, BUFFERED
  • ACETONE, BUFFERED, TS
  • ACETONE 300