Zinc chloride Property

Melting point:

293 °C (lit.)

Boiling point:

732 °C (lit.)

Density 

1.01 g/mL at 20 °C

vapor pressure 

1 mm Hg ( 428 °C)

Flash point:

732°C

storage temp. 

2-8°C

solubility 

H₂O: 4 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless

form 

crystalline

pka

pKa 6.06 (Uncertain)

Specific Gravity

2.91

color 

white

PH

5 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Odor

wh. cubic cryst., odorless

Water Solubility 

432 g/100 mL (25 ºC)

Sensitive 

Hygroscopic

Merck 

14,10132

crystal system

square

Space group

I42d

Lattice constant

a/nm	b/nm	c/nm	α/o	β/o	γ/o	V/nm3
0.54	0.54	1.033	90	90	90	0.301

Exposure limits

ACGIH: TWA 1 mg/m3; STEL 2 mg/m3
OSHA: TWA 1 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 50 mg/m3; TWA 1 mg/m3; STEL 2 mg/m3

Stability:

hygroscopic

InChIKey

JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L

CAS DataBase Reference

7646-85-7(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Zinc dichloride(7646-85-7)

EPA Substance Registry System

Zinc chloride (7646-85-7)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

Xi,N,C,F+,F,Xn

Risk Statements 

36/37/38-50/53-34-22-51/53-67-66-19-12-11-40

Safety Statements 

26-36-61-60-45-36/37/39-16-36/37

RIDADR 

UN 2924 3/PG 1

OEB

C

OEL

TWA: 1 mg/m3, STEL: 2 mg/m3

WGK Germany 

2

RTECS 

TY2900000

F 

3

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

3

PackingGroup 

I

HS Code 

28273600

Hazardous Substances Data

7646-85-7(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

Inhalation of zinc chloride fumes can injure lungs and respiratory tract. Dusts or fumes also cause dermatitis, boils, conjunctivitis, and gastrointestinal tract upset (Lewis(Sr), R.J. 1996. Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold).
LD50 oral (rat): 350mg/kg
LCLO (inhalation): 1.960 g/m3/10 min

IDLA

50 mg/m3

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H302Harmful if swallowed

H314Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statements

P260Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P273Avoid release to the environment.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P312IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.

P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

Zinc chloride Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical properties

White granular crystal or powder of hexagonal system, highly soluble in water, soluble in methanol, ethanol, glycerine, acetone, diethyl ether but Insoluble in liquid ammonia.

Water solubility (g/100ml)

Water solubility Solubility in 100 ml of water at different temperatures 342g/0℃;353g/10℃;395g/20℃;437g/30℃;452g/40℃;488g/60℃;541g/80℃;614g/100℃

Applications

Used as dehydrating and condensing agent in organic synthesis industry and catalyst for production of vanillin, Cyclamen aldehyde, anti-inflammatory painkillers and cation exchange resin; Used as solvent of polyacrylonitrile; Used as mordant, Mercerizing agent and sizing agent in Dyeing industry; used as the raw material for the production of fiber can and shuttle(cosolvent for cotton fibre) to improve the fiber adhesion force; used as stabilizers for ice dye chromogenic salt in Dye industry in the production of reactive dye and cationic dye; Used as oil purifying agent and activating agent for Activated carbon; Used for impregnating wood to provide corrosion resistance and flame retardancy; Used as flame retardant for cardboard and cloth products; Used for electroplating; Used as welding flux for welding electrode; Used for the production of aluminum alloy, light metal deacidification and the processing of metal surface oxide layer in Metallurgical industry; Used in the production of blueprint paper; Used as battery electrolyte; Used as the raw material for the production of Alcohol resistant foam extinguishing agent and zinc cyanide. Also used in medicine and medicine production.

Description

Zinc chloride is a white deliquescent salt. It forms acidic solutions in water and in polar organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and ether. Anhydrous zinc chloride hydrolyzes with moisture to form hydrochloric acid. It also forms complex ions with water, ammonia, and some organic solvents. Zinc chloride reacts with sulphide to minimise release of H2S gas in waste treatment facilities. Zinc chloride 50% solution also serves as a high-quality mercerising agent for cotton. Zinc chloride is incompatible with strong oxidising agents, moisture, cyanides, sulphides, and potassium.

Chemical Properties

White, granular, deliquescent crystals or crystalline powder. A 10% solution is acid to litmus. Soluble in water, alcohol, glycerol, and ether.

Chemical Properties

Zinc chloride is white/colorless crystalline granules.

Chemical Properties

Zinc chloride is a white hexagonal, deliquescent crystals or colorless solution. The fume is a white particulate dispersed in air.

Physical properties

White crystalline powder or granules; hygroscopic; density 2.907 g/cm³; melts at 290°C; vaporizes at 732°C; vapor pressure 1 torr at 428°C and 20 torrat 536°C; highly soluble in water, 432 g/100mL at 25°C; aqueous solution acidic in litmus test; also soluble in ethanol, glycerol, and acetone.

Uses

Used as a dehydrating agent, as a catalyst and in electroplating, wood preservation, textile processing,petroleum refining,medicine and feed additives.

Uses

Zinc chloride is used as a wood preservative and in fireproofing timber. Other uses are as a deodorant in disinfecting fluids; in dental cements; in electroplating; in etching metals and glass; as flux for soldering; as a mordant in printing and dyeing textiles; in making dry batteries; in denaturing alcohols; in vulcanizing rubber; in manufacturing parchment; in making artificial silk; in making activated carbon and cold-water glues; and in refining petroleum. Also, zinc chloride is used as a dehydrating and condensing agent in organic syntheses. In medicine it is used as an astringent and antiseptic.

Uses

Zinc chloride is used as an organic catalyst. It is deliquescent, which makes it an excellent dehydrating and drying agent. It is used in electroplating other metals, as an antiseptic, as a component of some deodorants, and as an astringent. It is also used for fireproofing materials and as a food preservative. Zinc chloride is also used in embalming and taxidermy fluids.

Uses

Deodorant, disinfecting and embalming material; alone or with phenol and other antiseptics for preserving railway ties; fireproofing lumber; with ammonium chloride as flux for soldering; etching metals; manufacture of parchment paper, artificial silk, dyes, activated carbon, cold-water glues, vulcanized fiber; browning steel, galvanizing iron, copper-plating iron; in magnesia cements; petroleum oil refining; cement for metals and for facing stone; mordant in printing and dyeing textiles; carbonizing woolen goods; producing crepe and crimping fabrics; mercerizing cotton; sizing and weighting fabrics; vulcanizing rubber; solvent for cellulose; preserving anatomical specimens; in microscopy for separating silk, wool, and plant fibers; as dehydrating agent in chemical syntheses. Dentin desensitizer.

Definition

ChEBI: A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn2+ ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.

Definition

zinc chloride: A white crystalline compound, ZnCl₂. The anhydrous salt, which is deliquescent, can be made by the action of hydrogen chloride gas on hot zinc; r.d. 2.9; m.p. 283°C; b.p. 732°C. It has a relatively low melting point and sublimes easily, indicating that it is a molecular compound rather than ionic. Various hydrates also exist. Zinc chloride is used as a catalyst, dehydrating agent, and Ûux for hard solder. It was once known as butter of zinc.

Preparation

Zinc chloride is prepared by the reaction of zinc oxide or zinc metal with dilute hydrochloric acid, followed by crystallization:
ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

General Description

Zinc chloride is a colorless liquid. Zinc chloride is mildly corrosive to metals. Zinc chloride causes burns to eyes, skin and mucous membranes.

Air & Water Reactions

When dissolved in water, Zinc chloride is a strong acid. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 964]

Reactivity Profile

Acidic salts, such as ZINC CHLORIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.

Hazard

Inhalation of zinc chloride fumes can injure lungs and respiratory tract. Dusts or fumes also cause dermatitis, boils, conjunctivitis, and gastrointestinal tract upset (Lewis(Sr), R.J. 1996. Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold). LD₅₀ oral (rat): 350mg/kg LCLO (inhalation): 1.960 g/m₃/10 min.

Health Hazard

Solid or water solution is astringent and can irritate the eyes. When ingested, can cause intoxication, severe irritation of stomach, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Health Hazard

Exposures to zinc chloride cause adverse health effects and poisoning. On contact with the skin, zinc chloride causes skin burns and ulcerations, redness, eyes develop pain and blurred vision, and any splashes from solutions may cause eye damage. It is extremely destructive to the tissues of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. The symptoms of toxicity include, but are not limited to, burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea and vomiting, and irritation or corrosion to the gastrointestinal tract with abdominal pain. After repeated exposures of zinc chloride through skin contact, occupational workers develop varying degrees of skin problems, such as dermatitis and skin ulcerations. Repeated inhalation of zinc chloride causes occupational asthma among workers

Fire Hazard

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by inhalation: pulm- onary changes. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Human mutation data reported. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, Exposure to ZnCl2 fumes or dusts can cause dermatitis, boils, conjunctivitis, gastrointestinal tract upsets. The fumes are highly toxic. Incompatible with potassium. Mixtures of the powdered chloride and powdered zinc are flammable. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cland ZnO. See also ZINC COMPOUNDS and CHLORIDES.

Potential Exposure

Zinc chloride is used in iron galvanizing; as a wood preservative; for dry battery cells; as a soldering flux; in textile finishing; in vulcanized fiber; reclaiming rubber; in oil and gas well operations; oil refining; manufacturing of parchment paper; in dyes; activated carbon; in chemical synthesis; in adhesives; dentists’ cement; deodorants, disinfecting and embalming solutions; and taxidermy. It is also produced by military screeningsmoke.

Shipping

UN2331 Zinc chloride, anhydrous, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material. UN1840 Zinc chloride, solution, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.

Purification Methods

The anhydrous material can be sublimed under a stream of dry HCl, followed by heating to 400o in a stream of dry N2. It sublimes at high vacuum. Also purify it by refluxing (50g) in dioxane (400mL) with 5g zinc dust, filtering hot and cooling to precipitate ZnCl2. Crystallise it from dioxane and store it in a desiccator over P2O5. It has also been dried by refluxing in thionyl chloride. [Weberg et al. J Am Chem Soc 108 6242 1986.] Hygroscopic: minimal exposure to the atmosphere is necessary. [Wagenknecht & Juza Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1070 1965.]

Incompatibilities

Aqueous solutions are strongly acidic. Incompatible with bases and potassium. Incompatible with strong oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Corrosive to metals.

Waste Disposal

Dump in water; add soda ash and stir, then neutralize and flush to sewer with water. Alternatively, zinc chloride may be recovered from spent catalysts and used in acrylic fiber spinning solutions.

Precautions

Exposures to zinc chloride are dangerous, corrosive, and cause burns to any area of contact. Harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Affects the cardiovascular system.