Aromatic hydrocarbons Cyclic hydrocarbons Hydrocarbon sulfonate Hydrocarbon halides Hydrocarbon nitrification Acyclic hydrocarbons
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Hydrocarbons and derivatives

Aromatic hydrocarbons Cyclic hydrocarbons Hydrocarbon sulfonate Hydrocarbon halides Hydrocarbon nitrification Acyclic hydrocarbons
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Hydrocarbon compounds are also known as hydrocarbons. They are compounds only containing two elements, hydrogen and carbon. When their molecular hydrogen atoms are replaced by various kinds of other element atoms or atom groups, we can obtain various kinds of hydrocarbon derivatives. German chemist Schorlemmer had discovered butane and other hydrocarbons, and is thus known as the founder of the hydrocarbon chemistry. There are many types of hydrocarbons with number of hydrocarbons with known structure being over 2,000 kinds. Based on the connecting way of carbon bonds, they are divided into chain hydrocarbon and cyclic hydrocarbon, two types with the former one having its carbon atoms connected in a chain shape. According to the saturation degree of hydrogen atom on valence bonds, they are divided into saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are namely alkanes, such as methane, ethane and so on; unsaturated hydrocarbons include olefin and alkynes with representation being ethylene and acetylene. Cyclic hydrocarbon has its intramolecular carbon bonds connected into a closed ring. It includes two kinds, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many similarities between alicyclic hydrocarbons and chain hydrocarbon. General cyclic hydrocarbons are similar to hydrocarbons while cyclic olefin and cyclic alkyne are respectively similar as alkenes and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons mainly refer to hydrocarbons containing benzene ring structure.

Chain hydrocarbon is also known as aliphatic hydrocarbon due to that during the initial study; it was found that oil lipid contained many of these open chain compounds. The naming of alicyclic hydrocarbons is due to its similar nature as aliphatic hydrocarbons. The nature of aromatic hydrocarbon is different from other hydrocarbons while first discovered several compounds are all scented, leading to the name which is still in use today.

Oil, gas and coal are the main source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum refining can give a variety of alkane mixture such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc; oil cracking, reforming give various kinds of olefins, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar contains various kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Many kinds of higher hydrocarbons are presented in plants such as the pigments contained in tomatoes and carrots. The wax of many kinds of plants and animals also contains higher content of alkanes. For example, beeswax contains C27H56 and C31H64; wax of spinach leaves contains C33H68, C35H72, and C37H76; wax of cabbage leaves contains C29H60 and so on. The main component of natural rubber, polyisoprene also belongs to hydrocarbon. An important application of hydrocarbons is being used as fuel and chemical raw materials. Through secondary processing of petroleum, it can give ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene, and other basic organic industrial raw materials. From these materials, we can further prepare styrene, ethanol, acetone and other chemicals. Re-use of these raw materials can be used for manufacturing of a variety of plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and fine chemical products. Hydrocarbons may also be used as food for certain bacteria to utilize with those proteins (oil protein) excreted by these bacteria proteins being applied as feed. The national scale and level of processing and application of hydrocarbons may reflect the extent of economic and technological development of a country.

Hydrocarbon derivative refers to the general term of many kinds of complicated compound derived from hydrocarbon molecules with one or more hydrogen atoms being substituted by other atoms or atoms groups. Compounds derived from halogen substitution are called halogenated hydrocarbon; derived from hydroxy substitution are called alcohols or phenols; derived from carboxy substitution are called carboxylic acids. Ester, acyl halide, acid anhydride, amides, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitriles, etc. can be considered to be the compounds derived from hydrocarbons with intramolecular hydrogen atoms being substituted by corresponding atoms. During early 19th century, German chemist Schorlemmer, based on years of experimental and theoretical studies, had first defined organic chemistry as chemistry concerning hydrocarbons and their derivatives. This definition is formulated based on the principles of atom combination theory, being more reasonable and advanced than all the previous definitions, thus further being adopted by many chemists. However, the problem is that it doesn’t distinguish the difference between organic and inorganic substances. The definition of Schorlemmer had greatly promoted the development of the theory regarding to the organic chemistry structure. He was the first man who defined organic compound as above scientific classifications, establishing a scientific system. He was the first man who divided organics into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and further classified aliphatic compounds into hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons), halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and so on.

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Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-Bromo-2,3-dichlorobenzene
CAS:
56961-77-4
MF:
C6H3BrCl2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,5-HEXADIEN-3-OL
CAS:
924-41-4
MF:
C6H10O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
PROPYLCYCLOHEXANE
CAS:
1678-92-8
MF:
C9H18
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-HEPTACHLOROPROPANE
CAS:
594-89-8
MF:
C3HCl7
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-nitroethene
CAS:
706-07-0
MF:
C8H6ClNO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-METHOXY-5-NITROBENZOIC ACID
CAS:
78238-12-7
MF:
C8H7NO5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-BROMO-4-NITROBENZALDEHYDE
CAS:
101682-68-2
MF:
C7H4BrNO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Diethyldicyclopentadiene
CAS:
307496-25-9
MF:
C14H20
Chemical Name:
PERFLUOROKEROSENE
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Nitromethane
CAS:
75-52-5
MF:
CH3NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,2-EPOXY-7-OCTENE
CAS:
19600-63-6
MF:
C8H14O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Isobutyl iodide
CAS:
513-38-2
MF:
C4H9I
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzaldehyde
CAS:
157701-72-9
MF:
C7H4FNO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-FLUORO-5-NITROPHENOL
CAS:
22510-08-3
MF:
C6H4FNO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CIS-1-BROMO-2-ETHOXYETHYLENE
CAS:
23521-49-5
MF:
C4H7BrO
Structure:
Chemical Name:
METHYLCYCLOHEXYLDICHLOROSILANE
CAS:
5578-42-7
MF:
C7H14Cl2Si
Structure:
Chemical Name:
METHYL 2-HYDROXY-3-NITROBENZOATE
CAS:
22621-41-6
MF:
C8H7NO5
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CIS-4-HEPTEN-1-OL
CAS:
6191-71-5
MF:
C7H14O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)BENZENE
CAS:
93-52-7
MF:
C8H8Br2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-HEPTADECENE
CAS:
6765-39-5
MF:
C17H34
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-ACETYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE
CAS:
932-66-1
MF:
C8H12O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,5-DICHLORO-P-XYLENE
CAS:
1124-05-6
MF:
C8H8Cl2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-METHYL-6-NITROBENZONITRILE
CAS:
1885-76-3
MF:
C8H6N2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
8-Bromo-1-octene
CAS:
2695-48-9
MF:
C8H15Br
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane
CAS:
79-27-6
MF:
C2H2Br4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
TRANS-4-NONENE
CAS:
2198-23-4
MF:
C9H18
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Styrene
CAS:
100-42-5
MF:
C8H8
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CIS-3-NONEN-1-OL
CAS:
10340-23-5
MF:
C9H18O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Butene
CAS:
107-01-7
MF:
C4H8
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,2-DICHLOROISOBUTANE
CAS:
594-37-6
MF:
C4H8Cl2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
TERT-BUTYLCYCLOHEXANE
CAS:
3178-22-1
MF:
C10H20
Structure:
Chemical Name:
HEXAMETHYLENE OXIDE
CAS:
592-90-5
MF:
C6H12O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,5-DICHLOROTOLUENE
CAS:
19398-61-9
MF:
C7H6Cl2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,8-NONADIENE
CAS:
4900-30-5
MF:
C9H16
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Iodobenzyl bromide
CAS:
40400-13-3
MF:
C7H6BrI
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CIS-2-HEPTENE
CAS:
6443-92-1
MF:
C7H14
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3,5-Difluorochlorobenzene
CAS:
1435-43-4
MF:
C6H3ClF2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-METHYL-1-HEXENE
CAS:
3404-61-3
MF:
C7H14
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Divinylbenzene
CAS:
1321-74-0
MF:
C10H10
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-Chloro-3,4-difluorobenzene
CAS:
696-02-6
MF:
C6H3ClF2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
TRANS-3-OCTENE
CAS:
14919-01-8
MF:
C8H16
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-CYCLOHEXYLETHYL BROMIDE
CAS:
1647-26-3
MF:
C8H15Br
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3,4-DICHLORO-OMEGA-NITROSTYRENE
CAS:
18984-16-2
MF:
C8H5Cl2NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-METHYL-1-HEXENE
CAS:
6094-02-6
MF:
C7H14
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-METHYL-1-HEPTENE
CAS:
15870-10-7
MF:
C8H16
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,2-DICHLOROOCTAFLUOROCYCLOHEX-1-ENE
CAS:
336-19-6
MF:
C6Cl2F8
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,6-HEPTADIEN-4-OL
CAS:
2883-45-6
MF:
C7H12O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-Chloro-N,N,2-trimethylpropenylamine
CAS:
26189-59-3
MF:
C6H12ClN
Structure:
Chemical Name:
DIISOBUTYLENE
CAS:
25167-70-8
MF:
C8H16
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Ethylbenzene
CAS:
100-41-4
MF:
C8H10
Structure:
Chemical Name:
5-Chloro-1-pentyne
CAS:
14267-92-6
MF:
C5H7Cl
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CYCLOPENTYLTRICHLOROSILANE
CAS:
14579-03-4
MF:
C5H9Cl3Si
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,5-Dibromotoluene
CAS:
615-59-8
MF:
C7H6Br2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,4-Dibromo-1-fluorobenzene
CAS:
1435-53-6
MF:
C6H3Br2F
Structure:
Chemical Name:
NITROCYCLOHEXANE
CAS:
1122-60-7
MF:
C6H11NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-nitroethylene
CAS:
3156-34-1
MF:
C8H6ClNO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Hexachloroethane
CAS:
67-72-1
MF:
C2Cl6
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4,4'-Bis(chloromethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl
CAS:
1667-10-3
MF:
C14H12Cl2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-Chloro-4-nitrotoluene
CAS:
38939-88-7
MF:
C7H6ClNO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,2'-DIBROMOBIPHENYL
CAS:
13029-09-9
MF:
C12H8Br2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-FLUOROPENTANE
CAS:
592-50-7
MF:
C5H11F
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,5-Dichloropentane
CAS:
628-76-2
MF:
C5H10Cl2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-Chloromethyl naphthalene
CAS:
86-52-2
MF:
C11H9Cl
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-METHYL-2-PENTENE
CAS:
625-27-4
MF:
C6H12
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,4-DIBROMO-2-FLUOROBENZENE
CAS:
1435-52-5
MF:
C6H3Br2F
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Phenyl-1-propene
CAS:
98-83-9
MF:
C9H10
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-CHLORO-O-XYLENE
CAS:
608-23-1
MF:
C8H9Cl
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-METHYLNONANE
CAS:
5911-04-6
MF:
C10H22
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-CYANOPROPYLTRICHLOROSILANE
CAS:
1071-27-8
MF:
C4H6Cl3NSi
Structure:
Chemical Name:
cis-3-hexene
CAS:
7642-09-3
MF:
C6H12
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Bromoheptane
CAS:
1974-04-5
MF:
C7H15Br
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CYCLOHEXANONE DIETHYL ACETAL
CAS:
1670-47-9
MF:
C10H20O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Heptafluoroisopropyl iodide
CAS:
677-69-0
MF:
C3F7I
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Dodecylbenzene
CAS:
123-01-3
MF:
C18H30
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene
CAS:
327-54-8
MF:
C6H2F4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-Bromononane
CAS:
693-58-3
MF:
C9H19Br
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-CHLOROPHENETHYL BROMIDE 97
CAS:
6529-53-9
MF:
C8H8BrCl
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,3-DIFLUORO-6-NITROANISOLE
CAS:
66684-60-4
MF:
C7H5F2NO3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2,7-Dibromonaphthalene
CAS:
58556-75-5
MF:
C10H6Br2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-Bromobenzyl chloride
CAS:
932-77-4
MF:
C7H6BrCl
Structure:
Chemical Name:
2-Methoxy-5-nitroaniline hydrochloride
CAS:
67827-72-9
MF:
C7H9ClN2O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-Nitrophenylethylamine hydrobromide
CAS:
69447-84-3
MF:
C8H11BrN2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
CAS:
119-64-2
MF:
C10H12
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Carbon tetrachloride
CAS:
56-23-5
MF:
CCl4
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-BROMO-3-NITROBENZONITRILE
CAS:
89642-49-9
MF:
C7H3BrN2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-Bromo-2-ethylbutane
CAS:
3814-34-4
MF:
C6H13Br
Structure:
Chemical Name:
TRANS-3-HEXEN-1-OL
CAS:
928-97-2
MF:
C6H12O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CIS-HEPTACHLOREPOXIDE EXO-, ISOMER B
CAS:
1024-57-3
MF:
C10H5Cl7O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
7-OXABICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPTANE
CAS:
279-49-2
MF:
C6H10O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CYCLOHEPTYL CHLORIDE
CAS:
2453-46-5
MF:
C7H13Cl
Structure:
Chemical Name:
CIS-2,3-EPOXYBUTANE
CAS:
1758-33-4
MF:
C4H8O
Structure:
Chemical Name:
3-Chlorophenylacetylene
CAS:
766-83-6
MF:
C8H5Cl
Structure:
Chemical Name:
4-Nitrotoluene
CAS:
99-99-0
MF:
C7H7NO2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Benzotrichloride
CAS:
98-07-7
MF:
C7H5Cl3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
(3-Nitrobenzyl)methylamine
CAS:
19499-61-7
MF:
C8H10N2O2
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1-FLUOROHEPTANE
CAS:
661-11-0
MF:
C7H15F
Structure:
Chemical Name:
IODOCYCLOPENTANE
CAS:
1556-18-9
MF:
C5H9I
Structure:
Chemical Name:
Allyl methyl carbonate
CAS:
35466-83-2
MF:
C5H8O3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
CAS:
79-00-5
MF:
C2H3Cl3
Structure:
Chemical Name:
1,2-EPOXYHEPTANE
CAS:
5063-65-0
MF:
C7H14O