ALPHA2-MACROGLOBULIN Chemical Properties

storage temp. 

−20°C

solubility 

H₂O: 5 mg/mL, clear to faintly turbid, colorless to faintly yellow

form 

lyophilized powder

biological source

human plasma

Water Solubility 

water: soluble 10mg protein/mL, clear, colorless

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

B

Safety Statements 

22-24/25

WGK Germany 

3

F 

10-21

HS Code 

3504009000

MSDS

• Language:English Provider:SigmaAldrich

ALPHA2-MACROGLOBULIN Usage And Synthesis

Uses

α₂-Macroglobulin was used to study impaired lipoprotein receptor-mediated peripheral binding of plasma amyloid-β which is an early biomarker for mild cognitive impairment preceding Alzheimer′s disease. It was also used in the control of the classical and the MBL pathway of complement activation.

Biochem/physiol Actions

α2-Macroglobulin is found abundantly in plasma and interstitial fluids. The protease-α2-M balance plays an important role in mediating inflammatory tissue destruction. Serum levels of α2-M and protease-α2-M complexes are increased in patients with sepsis, emphysema, periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other inflammatory diseases, and oxidant inactivation of α2-M may contribute to tissue destruction during inflammation.

Description

Human Alpha-2 Macroglobulin is a tetrameric glycoprotein, produced in Human plasma and having a molecular mass of 725 kDa.

Source

Human Plasma

Background

Alpha-2 Macroglobulin is a serine proteases inhibitor, which inhibits coagulation by inactivating thrombin and Kallikrein, it inhibits fibrinolysis by inactivating plasmin and involved in transport. Alpha-2-Macroglobulin is a large plasma protein, which is produced by the liver, it’s composed of 4 identical subunits bound together by -S-S- bonds. A2M is able to inactivate many kinds of proteinases (including serine-, cysteine-, aspartic- and metalloproteinases). A2M has a 35 amino acid "bait" region in its structure. Proteinases bind and cleave the “bait” region become bound to A2M. Macrophage receptors recognize the proteinase-A2M complex and clear it from the system. A2M binds to and removes MMP-2 and MMP-9 (active forms of the gelatinase) from the circulation using scavenger receptors on the phagocytes. The levels of Alpha-2-macroglobulin are increased in nephrotic syndrome which is a condition where the kidneys start to leak out some of the smaller blood proteins. Due to its large size, A2-macroglobulin is retained in the bloodstream. Increased production of all proteins causes A2-macroglobulin concentration to increase. Chronic renal failure might lead to amyloid by alpha-2-macroglobulin. A2M is raised in cirrhosis, pregnancy and diabetes.

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