Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides, ext. Usage And Synthesis

Application

1. Applications in Food Processing
The unique growing environment and health benefits of sea buckthorn make it particularly suitable for the development of functional and green foods. Sea buckthorn fruit is rich in nutrients, including protein, organic acids, minerals, and various vitamins, as well as flavonoids, alkaloids, catechins, and other health-promoting factors. The content of vitamin C and vitamin E is unparalleled by other fruits and vegetables. Currently, foods processed from sea buckthorn juice include beverages, dairy products, soy flour, oral liquids, ice cream, fruit vinegar, and alcoholic beverages. Beverages include cloudy bottled drinks with fruit pulp, fermented whey drinks, asparagus, sea buckthorn, and carrot juice mixed fruit and vegetable drinks, goji berry and sea buckthorn compound solid beverages, sugar-free sea buckthorn health drinks, and sea buckthorn fruit tea. Dairy products include sea buckthorn tomato yogurt, sea buckthorn carrot yogurt, sea buckthorn fermented milk, hazelnut and sea buckthorn yogurt, and health-promoting sea buckthorn peanut milk. Sea buckthorn alcoholic beverages include sea buckthorn beer, dry red sea buckthorn fruit wine, low-alcohol carbonated sea buckthorn wine, and wild sea buckthorn wine. Currently, there is no dedicated sea buckthorn wine yeast used in industrial production; wine yeast is mostly used. Sea buckthorn leaves contain crude protein, crude fat, oleic acid, linolenic acid, and flavonoids, among other beneficial components. They are natural, non-toxic, and after roasting, possess a rich plant aroma. They have detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, and ischemic heart disease prevention effects, making them a good raw material for tea making. 2. Medicinal Applications: Research on the medicinal effects of sea buckthorn mainly focuses on sea buckthorn juice, sea buckthorn oil, and sea buckthorn leaves. Studies have confirmed that flavonoids in sea buckthorn have pharmacological effects such as anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-arrhythmia, enhanced immunity, improved hypoxia tolerance, inhibition of platelet aggregation, reduction of serum cholesterol, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, anti-tumor, anti-allergy, and anti-radiation. Sea buckthorn proanthocyanidins are natural antioxidants with various physiological and pharmacological activities such as free radical scavenging, anti-tumor, and antiviral activity. Sea buckthorn pericarp polysaccharides have a significant inhibitory effect on Coxsackievirus B, which causes viral myocarditis. Sea buckthorn fruit polysaccharides also exhibit significant antioxidant activity, which increases with concentration. Sea buckthorn oil is the most medicinally valuable part of sea buckthorn, showing significant efficacy in treating malignant tumors, gynecological diseases, radiation damage, and burns. In recent years, research on the medicinal effects of sea buckthorn fruit residue and seed residue has attracted considerable attention.

Distribution

Sea buckthorn is a plant endemic to Asia and Europe, mainly distributed in the temperate and cold temperate zones of Eurasia, from Nepal and India on the southern slope of the Himalayas in the south to Scandinavia and Norway on the Atlantic coast in the north, to Inner Mongolia in the east, to Spain in the Mediterranean in the west, and also in the cold temperate zones of the North American continent. Among them, the most concentrated are the European continent, China's Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Altai Mountains, and Russia's Siberia region.

History

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a deciduous shrub of the family sea buckthorn. According to textual research, it has lived on the earth for about 200 million years. It was discovered by the ancient Greeks in 5000 BC and could be fed to racehorses. In the 8th century AD, Tibetans used sea buckthorn as a medicine to treat lung diseases and stomach diseases. In the 12th century AD, Mongolians used sea buckthorn as a sacred food, calling it "the emperor's painstaking efforts" for medical treatment and food. At present, more than 20 countries all over the world are promoting and utilizing sea buckthorn. Sea buckthorn ranks first among the top ten raw materials of health products, as announced by the World Health Organization[1].

Definition

Sea buckthorn tree has good resistance to dry and cold, salt and alkali, and barren, so its vitality is very strong and can withstand extreme temperatures of -40?40 °C. The height of sea buckthorn is generally 1.5 m, but it may be higher if it grows in high mountains and valleys. Sea buckthorn has many thorns; its tender branches are brownish green, its dense quilt is silvery white, and its old branches are grayish black and rough. Usually, sea buckthorns begin to bear fruit at 3 years and enter the full fruit period at the age of 5 years, which lasts for about 4?5 years. The fruit yield of sea buckthorn per plant varies greatly with different regional conditions, and the fruit yield of sea buckthorn per plant is 2?5 kg during the fruit-bearing period.

References

[1] Aruhan Chen . “Traditional food, modern food and nutritional value of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.): a review.” Journal of Future Foods 3 3 (2023): Pages 191-205.
[2] Dubey, Roshan Kumar et al. “Sea buckthorn: A Potential Dietary supplement with multifaceted therapeutic activities.” Intelligent Pharmacy 89 (2023).

benefits

Sea buckthorn oil is extracted from the seeds and pulp of berries and is widely used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is rich in omega-7 fatty acids (palmitoleic acid). Sea buckthorn oil is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants that can nourish, moisturize, protect, and heal the skin. Sea buckthorn oil may help with acne, rosacea, sunburns, scars, wrinkles, dryness, and skin infections[2]. 

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